Ultrasonic Waste and Sludge Treatment
Biogas is generated from sources, such as municipal organic waste, sewage sludge, muck or manure. Ultrasonication improves the digestibility of such organic material leading to more biogas and less residual sludge.
Biogas is a byproduct of the decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic or aerobic bacteria. It consists primarily of methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. This makes biogas a renewable alternative for fossil fuels, such as natural gas.
Energy prices and chemical and sludge disposal costs, environmental legislation and other interests, such as the reduction of odor emissions require waste treatment plants to improve their processing efficiency. The ultrasonic disintegration of the organic material before digestion improves the biogas production significantly. Along with that sonication improves the dewaterability of the sludge and it reduces the amount of residual sludge to be disposed.
Feedstocks for the production of biogas are mixtures of various aggregated and flocculated substances, fibers, viruses and bacteria, cellulose and other inorganic substances. Food waste, organic industrial and commercial waste, such as fats or vinasse are supplemental feedstocks for mesophilic and thermophilic digesters. Ultrasonic cavitation destructs aggregates and cellular structures. Due to the effect on the on the constituent material structure the sludge can be dewatered more easily. Furthermore, the destruction of the aggregates and cell walls improves the bioavailability of intracellular material to decomposition by bacteria.
Since 1999, Hielscher has been supplying ultrasonic disintegration systems of up to 48kW individual power to various waste water treatment plants as well as to municipal and industrial waste treatment facilities all around the world. Some of these systems improved the biogas yield by up to 25%.
| The table to the right shows typical power requirements for various volume flows. The ultrasonic system is generally integrated inline before feeding to the digester. Alternatively, the organic material can be recirulated from the digester through the ultrasonic system back into the digester. Therefore, the ultrasonication step can be easily retrofitted into existing facilities. |
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The application of ultrasonics to the processing of sludge and waste streams can achieve various results, such as:
- Increase in biogas yield
- Improved anaerobic decomposition
- Improvement of sedimentation behavior due to degassing and flake disintegration
- Improvement of C/N-ratio for denitrification
- Improvement of surplus sludge thickening
- Improved digestion and dewaterability
- Reduction of the amount of flocculants
- Lower disposal costs due to reduction of residual sludge after digestion
- Reduction of required polymer
- Destruction of filamentous bacteria
We recommend the conduct of pilot scale trials e.g. using 1 to 4kW systems. This will show the general effects and improvement for your particular process stream. We will be glad to discuss your process with you and to recommend further steps.