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Coolants Based on Thermoconductive Nanofluids

Ultraäänellä syntetisoidut nanofluidit ovat tehokkaita jäähdytysnesteitä ja lämmönvaihtimen nesteitä. Lämpöä johtavat nanomateriaalit lisäävät lämmönsiirto- ja lämmönpoistokapasiteettia merkittävästi. Sonikaatio on vakiintunut termojohtavien nanohiukkasten synteesissä ja funktionalisoinnissa sekä vakaiden korkean suorituskyvyn nanofluidien tuotannossa jäähdytyssovelluksiin.

Nanofluidic Effects on Thermo-Hydraulic Performance

The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat. For coolants and heat transfer fluid (also called thermal fluid or thermal oil), a high thermal conductivity is desired. Numerous nanomaterials offer great thermo-conductive properties. In order to use the superior thermal conduciveness of nanomaterials, so-called nanofluids are used as cooling liquids. A nanofluids is a fluid, in which nanometer-sized particles are suspended in the base fluid like water, glycol or oil, where they form a colloidal solution. Nanofluids can significantly increases in thermal conductivity compared with liquids without nanoparticles or larger particles. Material, size, viscosity, surface charge, and fluid stability of the dispersed nanoparticles affect the thermal performance of nanofluids significantly. Nanofluids are rapidly gaining importance in heat transfer applications since they show superior heat transfer performance when compared to conventional base fluids.
Ultrasonic dispersion is a highly efficient, reliable and industrially-established technique to produce nanofluids with high-performance heat transfer capacities.

Ultraäänellä syntetisoidut nanofluidit ovat tehokkaita jäähdytysnesteitä ja lämmönvaihtimen nesteitä. Lämpöä johtavat nanomateriaalit lisäävät lämmönsiirto- ja lämmönpoistokapasiteettia merkittävästi. Sonikaatio on vakiintunut termojohtavien nanohiukkasten synteesissä ja funktionalisoinnissa sekä vakaiden korkean suorituskyvyn nanofluidien tuotannossa jäähdytyssovelluksiin.

Hiilinanoputkien (CNT) ultraäänidispergointi polyetyleeniglykolissa (PEG)

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UP400St nanohiukkasten hajottamiseksi nanofluideiksi.

UP400St, a 400W powerful ultrasonic processor for the production of nanofluids with superior thermal conductivity.

Ultrasonication allows to unleash the advantages of nano-sized particle such as

  • a high surface : volume ratio for significantly higher energy and mass transfer rates
  • low mass for very good colloidal stability
  • low inertia, which minimizes erosion

These nano-size related features give nanofluids their exceptional thermal conductivity. Ultrasonic dispersion is the most efficient technique to produce functionalized nanoparticles and nanofluids.

Ultrasonically Produced Nanofluids with Superior Thermal Conduciveness

Numerous nanomaterialssuch as CNTs, silica, graphene, aluminium, silver, boron nitride, and many othershave been already proven to increase the thermal conduciveness of heat transfer fluids. Below, you can find exemplary research results for thermo-conductive nanofluids prepared under ultrasonication.

Alumiunium-based Nanofluid Production with Ultrasound

Buonomo et al. (2015) demonstrated the improved thermal conductivity of Al2O3 nanofluids, which were prepared under ultrasonication.
In order to disperse Al2O3 nanoparticles uniformly into water, the researchers used the Hielscher probe-type ultrasonicator UP400S. Ultrasonically deagglomerated and dispersed aluminium particles yielded in a particle size of approx. 120 nm for all nanofluidsindependently from the particle concentration. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids was increasing at higher temperatures when compared to pure water. With 0.5% Al2O3 particle concentration at room temperature of 25°C the increase in thermal conductivity is only about 0.57%, but at 65°C this value increases to about 8%. For volume concentration of 4% the enhancement goes from 7.6% to 14.4% with temperature rising from 25°C to 65°C.
[cf. Buonomo et al., 2015]

Ultrasonic dispersion is a highly efficient method to produce aqueous bonon nitride nanofluids with superior thermal conductivity.

Particle size distribution of water-based boron nitride nanofluids with various boron nitride concentration after ultrasonication with the UP400S (a) 0.1% hBN, (b) 0.5% hBN, (c) 2% hBN
(Study and graphs: © Ilhan et al., 2016)

Boron Nitride-based Nanofluid Production using Sonication

Ilhan et al. (2016) investigated the thermal conductivity of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) based nanofluids. For this purpose a series of well dispersed, stable nanofluids, containing hBN nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 70 nm, are produced with a two-step method involving ultrasonication and surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The ultrasonically dispersed hBN–water nanofluid shows significant thermal conductivity increase even for very dilute particle concentrations. Sonication with the probe-type ultrasonicator UP400S reduced the average particle size of aggregates down to 40–60 nm range. The researchers conclude that large and dense boron nitride aggregates, which were observed in untreated dry state, are broken with ultrasonication process and surfactant addition. This makes ultrasonic dispersion an effective method for preparation of water-based nanofluids with various particle concentrations.
[cf. Ilhan et al., 2016]

THe scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image shows ultrasonically dispersed boron nitride in ethylene glycol. For ultrasonic dispersion the UP400S was used. The resulting nanofluid has high thermal conductivity.

STEM image showing morphology of an ultrasonically dispersed an ethylene glycol (EG)- based hBN nanofluid with 0.5% particle volume concentration.
(Study and graphs: © Ilhan et al., 2016)

Nanopiidioksidin ultraäänidispersio: Hielscherin ultraäänihomogenisaattori UP400St hajottaa piidioksidinanohiukkaset nopeasti ja tehokkaasti yhtenäiseksi nanodispersioksi.

Nanopiidioksidin ultraäänidispersio ultraäänilaitteella UP400St

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Ultrasonication is the most widely utilized process in the literature to increase the stability of nanofluids.[Ilhan et al., 2016] And also in industrial production, sonication is nowadays the most effective, reliable and economical technique to obtain long-term stable nanofluids of outstanding performance.

Industrial Ultrasonicators for Coolant Production

Scientifically Proven, Industrially EstablishedHielscher Ultrasonicators for Nanofluid Production
High-performance ultrasonicators are reliable and highly efficient inline mixing systems for the production of thermo-conductive nanofluids.Ultrasonic high-shear dispersers are reliable machines for the continuous production of high-performance coolants and heat transfer fluids. Ultrasonically-driven mixing is known for its efficiency and reliabilityeven when demanding mixing conditions apply.
Hielscher Ultrasonics equipment allows to prepare non-toxic, non-hazardous, some even food-grade nanofluids. At the same time, all our ultrasonicators are highly efficient, reliable, safe-to-operate, and very robust. Built for 24/7 operation, even our bench-top and mid-size ultrasonicators are capable to produce remarkable volumes.
Read more about ultrasonic production of nanofluids or contact us right now to get in-depth consultation and a free proposal for an ultrasonic disperser!

Alla oleva taulukko antaa sinulle viitteitä ultraäänilaitteidemme likimääräisestä käsittelykapasiteetista:

Erän tilavuus Virtausnopeus Suositellut laitteet
1 - 500 ml 10 - 200 ml / min UP100H
10 - 2000ml 20–400 ml/min UP200Ht, UP400St
0.1 - 20L 0.2–4 l/min UIP2000hdT
10-100L 2 - 10L / min UIP4000hdT
15-150L 3 - 15L / min UIP6000hdT
n.a. 10-100L / min UIP16000
n.a. suurempi klusteri UIP16000

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Käytä alla olevaa lomaketta pyytääksesi lisätietoja ultraääniprosessoreista, sovelluksista ja hinnasta. Keskustelemme mielellämme prosessistasi kanssasi ja tarjoamme sinulle ultraäänijärjestelmän, joka täyttää vaatimuksesi!












Tässä videossa näytämme sinulle 2 kilowatin ultraäänijärjestelmän inline-käyttöön puhdistettavassa kaapissa. Hielscher toimittaa ultraäänilaitteita lähes kaikille teollisuudenaloille, kuten kemianteollisuudelle, lääketeollisuudelle, kosmetiikalle, petrokemian prosesseille sekä liuotinpohjaisille uuttoprosesseille. Tämä puhdistettava ruostumattomasta teräksestä valmistettu kaappi on suunniteltu käytettäväksi vaarallisissa tiloissa. Tätä tarkoitusta varten asiakas voi puhdistaa suljetun kaapin typellä tai raikkaalla ilmalla, jotta syttyvät kaasut tai höyryt eivät pääse kaappiin.

2x 1000 watin ultraäänilaitteet puhdistettavassa kaapissa asennettavaksi vaarallisille alueille

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Ultraääni-korkean leikkauksen homogenisaattoreita käytetään laboratorio-, penkki-, pilotti- ja teollisessa käsittelyssä.

Hielscher Ultrasonics valmistaa korkean suorituskyvyn ultraäänihomogenisaattoreita sekoitussovelluksiin, dispersioon, emulgointiin ja uuttamiseen laboratorio-, pilotti- ja teollisessa mittakaavassa.



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Faktoja, jotka kannattaa tietää

Why are Nanofluids Good for Cooling and Heat Transfer Applications?

A new class of coolants are nanofluids which consist of a base fluid (e.g., water), which acts as carrier liquid for nano-sized particles. Purpose-designed nanoparticles (e.g. nano-sized CuO, alumina titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, silica, or metals such as copper, silver nanorods) dispersed into the base fluid can enhance the heat transfer capacity of the resulting nanofluid significantly. This makes nanofluids extraordinary high-performance cooling liquids.
Using specifically manufactured nanofluids containing thermo-conductive nanoparticles allow for significant improvements in heat transfer and dissipation; e.g. silver nanorods of 55±12 nm diameter and 12.8 µm average length at 0.5 vol.% increased the thermal conductivity of water by 68%, and 0.5 vol.% of silver nanorods increased thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol based coolant by 98%. Alumina nanoparticles at 0.1% can increase the critical heat flux of water by as much as 70%; the particles form rough porous surface on the cooled object, which encourages formation of new bubbles, and their hydrophilic nature then helps pushing them away, hindering the formation of the steam layer. Nanofluid with the concentration more than 5% acts like non-Newtonian fluids. (cf. (Oldenburg et al., 2007)

The addition of metal nanoparticles to coolants used in thermal control systems can dramatically increase the thermal conductivity of the base fluid. Such metal nanoparticle-fluid composite materials are referred to as nanofluids and their use as coolants has the potential to reduce the weight and power requirements of spacecraft thermal control systems. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids is dependent on the concentration, size, shape, surface chemistry, and aggregation state of the constituent nanoparticles. The effects of nanoparticle loading concentration and the aspect ratio of the nanoparticles on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of water and ethylene glycol based coolants were investigated. Silver nanorods with a diameter of 55 ± 12 nm and an average length of 12.8 ± 8.5 μm at a concentration of 0.5% by volume increased the thermal conductivity of water by 68%. The thermal conductivity of an ethylene glycol based coolant was increased by 98% with a silver nanorod loading concentration of 0.5% by volume. Longer nanorods had a greater effect on the thermal conductivity than shorter nanorods at the same loading density. However, longer nanorods also increased the viscosity of the base fluid to a greater extent than shorter nanorods.
(Oldenburg et al., 2007)


High performance ultrasonics! Hielscher's product range covers the full spectrum from the compact lab ultrasonicator over bench-top units to full-industrial ultrasonic systems.

Hielscher Ultrasonics valmistaa korkean suorituskyvyn ultraäänihomogenisaattoreita laboratorio jotta Teollisuuden koko.

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