અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક નિષ્કર્ષણ સાથે ઉચ્ચ પેક્ટીન ઉપજ

Ultrasonic extraction results in high yields of superior quality pectins. Using sonication, valuable pectins can be efficiently produced from fruit waste (e.g., by-products from juice processing) and other biological raw material. Ultrasonic pectin extraction excels other extraction techniques by producing higher yields, giving superior pectin quality, and a rapid extraction procedure.

Intensified Pectin Extraction by Sonication

Pectin is utilized as a gelling, emulsifying and thickening agent in numerous food products as well as an ingredient in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Conventional industrial pectin extraction is done via hot water extraction, where the raw material such as citrus peels, apple pomace and other fruit waste is soaked in 60–100 °C hot water at low pH (approx. pH 1.5 – 3.5) for a long period of time. This turns conventional hot water extraction a time- and energy-consuming process, that is often not even efficient enough to release high amounts of pectins available in the raw material.
In order to overcome the inefficiency of the conventional production method, ultrasonic extraction is applied as a process intensifying technique that reduces the extraction time and maximises pectin yield significantly when compared to the traditional hot water extraction.

The Advantage of Ultrasonic Pectin Extraction

અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક નિષ્કર્ષણ અર્ક ઉત્પાદનના ઘણા ક્ષેત્રોમાં લાગુ થાય છે, દા.ત. ખોરાક, પૂરવણીઓ, ફાર્માસ્યુટિકલ્સ અને કોસ્મેટિક્સ માટે વનસ્પતિ અને હર્બલ અર્ક. અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક નિષ્કર્ષણનું એક ખૂબ જ અગત્યનું ઉદાહરણ કેનાબીડિઓલ (સીબીડી) અને કેનાબીસ પ્લાન્ટમાંથી અન્ય સંયોજનોનો નિષ્કર્ષણ છે.
Ultrasonic extraction is a non-thermal extraction technique, which prevents thereby the bioactive compounds against thermal degradation. All ultrasonic process parameters, such as amplitude, intensity, time, temperature and pressure, can be exactly controlled. This allows for precise process and quality control and makes it easy to repeat and reproduce once obtained extraction results. Extract producers value ultrasonication for the reliable process repeatability, which helps to standardize processes and products.

The determination of relevant process parameters allow to optimize the ultrasonic extraction process to highest efficiency and superior extract quality.
For instance, the particle size of raw material (e.g., citrus peels) is an important factor: A smaller particle size means a higher surface area for the ultrasonic waves to act on. A small particle size results thereby in higher pectin yields, a lower degree of methylation and larger ratio of rhamnogalacturonan (RG) regions.
The pH value of the extraction solvent (i.e. water + acid) is another essential parameter. When pectin is extracted under acidic conditions, many rhamnogalacturonan branched regions of the polymer are decomposed, so that mainly homogalacturonan (HG) “straight” regions with a few neutral sugar molecules attached on or in the main linear chain remain.
Ultrasonic pectin extraction reduces the extraction time and lowers the required process temperature, which reduces the chance of undesired pectin modification by acids. This enables to use acids under confined conditions in order to modify pectins precisely to product requirements.

What makes Ultrasonic Pectin Extraction so Efficient?

The impact of ultrasonic extraction directly affects the swelling, perforation and breakage of cell walls. Ultrasonically induced mass transfer causes the hydration of pectinous material in the middle lamella leading to the break-up of vegetal tissues. Ultrasonic cavitation and shear forces directly impact cell walls and break them open. These mechanisms result in the highly efficient results of ultrasonic extraction.

Ultrasonically-extracted pectin (also acoustic cavitation assisted extracted pectin, abbrev. ACAE) which had lower molecular weight and degree of methoxylation was richer in rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) region with long side chains compared with conventional heat extracted (CHE) pectin from chemical and FT-IR analysis. The energy consumption for ulgtrasonic pectin extraction was significantly lower than the conventional heating method, which indicates its promising application for industrial production scale.
(cf. Wang et al., 2017)
Wang and his colleagues (2017) also underpin that ultrasonically-assisted extraction (UAE) is been proven to be a more economical and environmental-friendly process with higher efficiency and less cost compared with conventional heating extraction (CHE).

How Does Ultrasonic Pectin Extraction Work?

Ultrasonic extraction is based on the sonomechanical effects of high-intensity ultrasound. To promote and intensify pectin extraction via ultrasonication, high-power ultrasound waves are coupled via an ultrasonic probe (also called ultrasonic horn or sonotrode) into the liquid medium, i.e. the slurry consisting in the pectin-containing raw material and the solvent. The ultrasound waves travel through the liquid and create alternating low-pressure / high-pressure cycles. During low-pressure cycles, minute vacuum bubbles (so-called cavitation bubbles) are created, which grow over several pressure cycles. During those cycles of bubble growth, the dissolved gases in the liquid enter the vacuum bubble, so that the vacuum bubble transform into growing gas bubbles. At a certain size, when the bubbles cannot absorb more energy, they implode violently during a high-pressure cycle. The bubble implosion is characterised by intense cavitational forces, including very high temperature and pressure reaching up to 4000K and 1000atm, respectively; as well as corresponding high temperature and pressure differentials. These ultrasonically generated turbulences and shear forces break plant cells up and release the intracellular pectins into the water-based solvent. Since ultrasonic cavitation creates highly intense mass transfer, sonication results in exceptionally high yields within a very short processing time.

About Pectins

Pectin is a branched heteropolysaccharide consisting of long-chain galacturonan segments and other neutral sugars such as rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and xylose. To be more specific, pectin is a block of co-polymer comprising of 1,4-α-linked galacturonic acid and 1,2-linked rhamnose with side branches of β-D-galactose, L-arabinose and other sugar units. Since in pectin several sugar moieties and different levels of methyl esterification are found, pectin does not have a defined molecular weight like other polysaccharides. Pectin, that is specified for the use in foods, is defined as a heteropolysaccharide containing at least 65% galacturonic acid units. By applying specific extraction conditions, pectins can be successfully modified and functionalized in order to fulfil specific requirements. The production of functionalized and modified pectins are of interest for special applications, e.g. low-methoxylated pectin (LMP) for pharmaceuticals.

Pectins Extracted from Fruit Waste

Fruit waste such as peels, fruit pulp residues (after fruit juice pressing), and other fruit by-products are often rich pectin sources. Whilst fruit waste products are often used as animal feed, pectin extraction is a more valuable use of fruit waste.
Ultrasonic pectin extraction is already successfully performed with citrus peels (such as oranges, tangerines, grapefruit), melon peels, apple pomace, sugar beet pomace, mango peels, tomato waste, as well as jackfruit, passion fruit, fig peels amongst others.

Case Studies of Ultrasonic Pectin Extraction

Due to the drawbacks of conventional pectin extraction by heat, research and industry have already investigated innovative alternatives such as ultrasonic extraction. Thereby, plenty information of process parameters for various raw materials as well as process optimization data are available.

Ultrasonic Extraction of Pectin from Apple Pomace

Dranca and Oroian (2019) investigated the ultrasonically-assisted extraction process of pectin from apple pomace applying various ultrasonic conditions and using Box-Behnken response surface design. They found that the ultrasound amplitude strongly influences the yield and the degree of esterification of the extracted pectin, while the extraction pH had a great impact on all three responses, i.e. yield, GalA content, and degree of esterification. The optimal conditions for extraction were 100% amplitude, pH of 1.8, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 g/mL, and 30 min sonication. Under these conditions, pectin yield was 9.183% and had a 98.127 g/100 g GalA content and 83.202% degree of esterification. To set the results of ultrasonically extracted pectin into relation with commercial pectin, pectin sample obtained by ultrasonic extraction under optimal conditions were compared to commercial citrus and apple pectin samples by FT-IR, DSC, rheological analysis, and SEM. The first two techniques highlighted some particularities of the pectin sample extracted by ultrasonic extraction such as the narrower distribution range of molecular weight, the orderly molecular arrangement, and the high degree of esterification that was similar to that of commercially available apple pectins. The analysis of the morphological characteristics of ultrasonically obtained sample indicates a determination pattern between the distribution of the fragment sizes of this sample and its GalA content on one side, and the water uptake capacity on the other side. The viscosity of ultrasonically extracted pectin solution was much higher than that of the solutions made using commercial pectin, which maybe because of the high concentration of galacturonic acid. When also considering the high degree of esterification, this might explain why the viscosity were higher for the ultrasonically extracted pectin. The researchers conclude that the purity, structure and rheological behaviour of pectin extracted by ultrasonic extraction from Malus domestica ‘Fălticeni’ apple pomace indicates promising applications of this soluble fiber. (cf. Dranca & Oroian 2019)

High-Performance Ultrasonic Extractor for Pectin Production

Ultrasonic extraction is a reliable processing technology, which facilitates and accelerates the production of high-quality pectins various raw materials such as citrus fruit by-products and peels, apple pomace and many others. Hielscher Ultrasonics portfolio covers the full range from compact lab ultrasonicators to industrial extraction systems. Thereby, we at Hielscher can offer you the most suitable ultrasonicator for your envisaged process capacity. Our long-time experienced staff will assist you from feasibility tests and process optimisation to the installation of your ultrasonic system on final production level.
અમારા અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક એક્સ્ટ્રેક્ટર્સનું નાનું ફુટ પ્રિન્ટ તેમજ ઇન્સ્ટોલેશન વિકલ્પોમાં તેમની વૈવિધ્યતા તેમને નાના-નાના પેક્ટીન પ્રોસેસિંગ સુવિધાઓમાં પણ ફિટ બનાવે છે. અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક પ્રોસેસરો વિશ્વભરમાં ખોરાક, ફાર્મા અને પોષક પૂરક ઉત્પાદન સુવિધાઓમાં સ્થાપિત થાય છે.

Hielscher Ultrasonics – અત્યાધુનિક નિષ્કર્ષણ ઉપકરણ

Hielscher Ultrasonics product portfolio covers the full range of high-performance ultrasonic extractors from small to large scale. Additional accessories allow for the easy assembly of the most suitable ultrasonic device configuration for your pectin extraction process. The optimal ultrasonic setup depends on the envisaged capacity, volume, raw material, batch or inline process and timeline.

બેચ અને ઇનલાઇન

Hielscher ultrasonicators can be used for batch and continuous flow-through processing. Ultrasonic batch processing is ideal for process testing, optimisation and small to mid-size production level. For a producing large volumes of pectin, inline processing might be more advantageous. A continuous inline mixing process requires sophisticated setup – consisting in a pump, hoses or pipes and tanks -, but it is highly efficient, rapid and requires significantly less labour. Hielscher Ultrasonics has the most suitable extraction setup for your extraction volume and process goals.

દરેક ઉત્પાદન ક્ષમતા માટે અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક એક્સ્ટ્રેક્ટર્સ

Hielscher Ultrasonics product range covers the full spectrum of ultrasonic processors from compact lab ultrasonicators over bench-top and pilot systems to fully-industrial ultrasonic processors with the capacity to process truckloads per hour. The full product range allows us to offer you the most suitable ultrasonic extractor for your pectin-containing raw material, process capacity and production targets.
અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક બેન્ચટોપ સિસ્ટમ્સ શક્યતા પરીક્ષણો અને પ્રક્રિયા optimપ્ટિમાઇઝેશન માટે આદર્શ છે. સ્થાપિત પ્રક્રિયા પરિમાણો પર આધારીત રેખીય સ્કેલ અપ, પ્રક્રિયા કરવાની ક્ષમતાને નાના લોટથી સંપૂર્ણ વ્યાપારી ઉત્પાદનમાં વધારવાનું ખૂબ જ સરળ બનાવે છે. અપ-સ્કેલિંગ કાં તો વધુ શક્તિશાળી અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક એક્સ્ટ્રેક્ટર એકમ સ્થાપિત કરીને અથવા સમાંતરમાં ઘણા અલ્ટ્રાસોનિકેટર્સને ક્લસ્ટરીંગ દ્વારા કરી શકાય છે. યુઆઈપી 16000 સાથે, હિલ્સચર વિશ્વભરમાં સૌથી શક્તિશાળી અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક એક્સ્ટ્રેક્ટર આપે છે.

Timપ્ટિમમ પરિણામો માટે ચોક્કસપણે નિયંત્રિત યોગ્ય કંપન

All Hielscher ultrasonicators are precisely controllable and thereby reliable work horses in production. The amplitude is one of the crucial process parameters that influence the efficiency and effectiveness of ultrasonic extraction of pectin from fruit and bio-waste.
બધા હિલ્સચર અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક્સ’ પ્રોસેસરો કંપનવિસ્તારની ચોક્કસ સેટિંગની મંજૂરી આપે છે. સોનોટ્રોડ્સ અને બૂસ્ટર શિંગડા એ એસેસરીઝ છે જે વિશાળ શ્રેણીમાં કંપનવિસ્તારમાં ફેરફાર કરવાની મંજૂરી આપે છે. હિલ્સચરના industrialદ્યોગિક અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક પ્રોસેસરો ખૂબ ampંચા કંપનવિસ્તારની ડિલિવરી કરી શકે છે અને માંગણીઓ માટે જરૂરી અવાજની તીવ્રતા પહોંચાડે છે. 24µ7 operationપરેશનમાં 200 Am સુધીના કંપનવિસ્તાર સરળતાથી ચલાવી શકાય છે.
Precise amplitude settings and the permanent monitoring of the ultrasonic process parameters via smart software give you the possibility to treat your raw material with the most effective ultrasonic conditions. Optimal sonication for best extraction results!
હિલ્સચરના અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક સાધનોની મજબૂતાઈ ભારે ડ્યુટી પર અને માંગવાળા વાતાવરણમાં 24/7 ની કામગીરીને મંજૂરી આપે છે. આ હિલ્સચરના અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક સાધનોને વિશ્વસનીય વર્ક ટૂલ બનાવે છે જે તમારી નિષ્કર્ષણની આવશ્યકતાઓને પૂર્ણ કરે છે.

સરળ, જોખમ મુક્ત પરીક્ષણ

Ultrasonic processes can be completely linear scaled. This means every result that you have achieved using a lab or bench-top ultrasonicator, can be scaled to exactly the same output using the exactly same process parameters. This makes ultrasonication ideal for risk-free feasibility testing, process optimization and subsequent implementation into commercial manufacturing. Contact us to learn how sonication can increase your pectin extract production.

ઉચ્ચતમ ગુણવત્તા – જર્મનીમાં ડિઝાઇન અને બનાવટ

કુટુંબની માલિકીની અને કુટુંબ સંચાલિત વ્યવસાય તરીકે, હિલ્સચર તેના અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક પ્રોસેસરો માટે ઉચ્ચતમ ગુણવત્તાના ધોરણોને પ્રાધાન્ય આપે છે. બધા અલ્ટ્રાસોનિસેટર્સ, જર્મનીના બર્લિન નજીક ટેલ્ટોમાં અમારા મુખ્ય મથકમાં ડિઝાઇન, ઉત્પાદિત અને સંપૂર્ણ રીતે પરીક્ષણ કરવામાં આવ્યા છે. હિલ્સચરના અલ્ટ્રાસોનિક સાધનોની મજબૂતાઈ અને વિશ્વસનીયતા તેને તમારા ઉત્પાદનમાં કાર્ય ઘોડો બનાવે છે. સંપૂર્ણ લોડ હેઠળ અને માંગવાળા વાતાવરણમાં 24/7 ઓપરેશન એ હિલ્સચરના ઉચ્ચ પ્રદર્શન મિક્સર્સની કુદરતી લાક્ષણિકતા છે.

નીચે આપેલ કોષ્ટક તમને અમારા અલ્ટ્રાસોનાનેટર્સની અંદાજિત પ્રક્રિયા ક્ષમતા વિશે સંકેત આપે છે: