Glycerine làm dung môi để khai thác siêu âm

Glycerine hoặc glycerol có thể được sử dụng hoàn toàn (100%) hoặc làm hỗn hợp glycerine và nước hoặc ethanol để chiết xuất thực vật. Tìm hiểu về những lợi thế của việc sử dụng glycerine làm dung môi chiết xuất trong quá trình sonication.

Botanical Extraction in Glycerine using Sonication

Botanical extraction is a fundamental process in analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and natural product research, aimed at isolating specific components from complex mixtures. Traditional extraction methods, such as maceration or Soxhlet extraction, often require long processing times and the use of organic solvents, which may pose environmental and health risks. In last decade, ultrasonic extraction has replaced traditional extraction techniques such as maceration, Soxhlet and solvent extraction, since sonication is more efficient, faster, more effective and environmentally friendlier. Besides these benefits of ultrasonic extraction, this technique allows to use the solvent of choice. Ultrasonic extractors can even handle pure vegetable glycerine as a solvent.

 

 

How Do Probe-Type Ultrasonicators for Extraction Work?

Sonicators used for botanical extraction use the power of intense ultrasound. Via the ultrasonic probe, high intensity ultrasound is transmitted into the solvent, where numerous cavitation bubbles occur. The rapid formation and collapse of microscopic cavitation bubbles generate shear forces and intense agitation, localized high temperatures and pressures. These sonomechanical forces effectively disrupting cell walls and facilitating the release of intracellular compounds. This ultrasonically intensified extraction technique offers several advantages, including reduced extraction times, increased yield, and the ability to process thermolabile substances without significant degradation.

Vegetable Glycerine as Extraction Solvent

Vegetable glycerine, a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid derived from plant oils, is widely recognized for its solvent properties. It is non-toxic, biodegradable, and exhibits excellent solubility for a wide range of organic compounds. As a solvent, vegetable glycerine offers several benefits over traditional organic solvents:

• Safety and Environmental Impact: Glycerine is non-toxic and environmentally benign, making it a preferable choice for green chemistry applications.
• Food- and Pharma-Grade: Vegetable glycerine is available in food- and pharma-grade quality. Being alcohol-free, edible and sweet-tasting, glycerine is an appreciated solvent for extracts designed for food and pharmaceuticals. For cosmetics, glycerine is a well regarded solvent due to its emollient properties.
• Solubility: It can dissolve both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, broadening the scope of extractable compounds.
• Stability: Glycerine is chemically stable, which helps preserve the integrity of sensitive compounds during extraction.

Protocol: Ultrasonic Extraction from Herbal Leaves into Glycerine

In this protocol, we guide you through the steps of ultrasonic extraction of bioactive compounds from herbal leaves into pure glycerine. You can watch the complementary video above to get a visual impression of the ultrasonic extraction process.
 
You need:

• fresh or dried herbs
• 100% glycerine thực vật
• probe-type sonicator, e.g. the UP400St with sonotrode S24d22L2D
• glass beaker
• dark glass bottle for storage

 
Step-by-Step Instructions

• Chop the herbal leaves into small pieces (approx. 5x5mm).
• Place the herbal leaves into the glass beaker.
• Add the glycerine. You might let soak the herbs for a few minutes.
• Insert the probe of the sonicator into the beaker. Center the probe in the middle of the beaker and make sure that the sonotrode does not touch the walls of the vessel.
• Đặt biên độ thành 100% và bắt đầu sonication.
• Monitor the temperature with the temperature sensor that comes with the UP400St.
• When the temperature rises above the temperature, that you do not want to overstep, you can either pause the sonicator to let the glycerine slurry cool down. You can set a temperature limit in the menu of the UP400St. Additionally, you can place the glass beaker into an ice bath.
• Sonicate for a total energy input of approx. 200-250 Ws/g. (You can set the targeted energy input in the menu of the UP400ST and all digital Hielscher sonicators.)
• After sonication, remove the exhausted plant material from the glycerine by filtration. You can use a strainer, filter paper or a cheese cloth. In order to facilitate the filtration of the viscous glycerine, use vacuum filtration.

 
Trouble-Shooting and Tips:
Glycerine càng lạnh, độ nhớt của nó càng cao. Chất lỏng có độ nhớt cao đòi hỏi một sonicator mạnh hơn. Máy sonicator mạnh mẽ 400 watt UP400St xử lý 100% glycerine ở nhiệt độ phòng có chủ quyền. Nếu bạn đang sử dụng sonicator với công suất thấp hơn, bạn có thể sử dụng hỗn hợp glycerine-nước (ví dụ: 50:50% v / v).
For cold glycerine, an industrial sonicator such as the 1000 watts ultrasound processor UIP1000hdT are ideal to process highly viscous solvents.
 

Protocol: Extraction of Phytochemicals from Gentian Root

Một ứng dụng thực tế của hỗn hợp glycerine-nước trong khai thác thực vật siêu âm được chứng minh trong việc cô lập các chất phytochemical như amarogentin từ rễ Gentian trong 50% glycerine bằng cách sử dụng sonicator Hielscher UP200Ht. Rễ cây khổ sâm chứa các hợp chất hương vị đắng được quan tâm trong ngành công nghiệp thực phẩm và đồ uống, cũng như trong y học cổ truyền.
Amarogentin cung cấp giá trị đắng 58.000.000 và được tìm thấy ở nồng độ 0,15% trong rễ cây khổ sâm. Vị đắng của khổ sâm được đặc trưng bởi hương vị sạch. Cung cấp hiệu lực cao, các hợp chất đắng rễ cây khổ sâm được đánh giá cao như một hợp chất hương vị mạnh mẽ.

Step-by-Step Instructions for ultrasonic Gentian root extraction using glycerine as solvent
 

Chuẩn bị: The Gentian root is finely ground to increase the surface area for extraction.

Solvent Mixture: Chuẩn bị dung dịch nước glycerine 50% bằng cách trộn cùng một thể tích glycerine và nước. Trộn siêu âm pha trộn cả hai pha lỏng trong vòng vài giây thành một dung môi đồng nhất.

Khai thác siêu âm: Add the Gentian root particles to the solvent and stir to get all particles wetted. Then, the mixture is subjected to sonication using the UP200Ht sonicator. Using a probe-type model of sonicator ensures deep penetration of ultrasonic waves into the solution, generating intense cavitation. The root particles get sonicated intensely resulting in a complete release of all bioactive compounds. To ensure that all Gentian root particles are exposed to sonication, move the sonotrode (ultrasonic horn) through the slurry. The acoustic cavitation forces generated by the power ultrasound disrupts the plant cell walls, facilitating the release of phytochemicals into the glycerine-water solvent.

Filtration: After ultrasonic extraction, remove the exhausted Gentian root from the glycerine-water mixture by filtration. You can use a strainer, filter paper or a cheese cloth. For improved filtration, use vacuum filtration.

 
The use of a glycerine-water mixture, combined with the high-performance UP200Ht sonicator, results in a high yield of extracted phytochemicals. The mild conditions of glycerine ensure that the sensitive compounds remain stable throughout the process.

Glycerine and its mixtures with water or ethanol provide versatile solvent options for ultrasonic botanical extraction. Despite the challenges posed by the high viscosity of glycerine, advanced sonication equipment like Hielscher UP200Ht can effectively handle these solvents, ensuring efficient extraction of valuable phytochemicals. The ability to tailor the solvent composition and leverage the power of ultrasonic waves makes ultrasonically-assisted extraction a powerful technique for the isolation of bioactive compounds from plant materials.

Ultrasonically-Asisted Extraction in Glycerine

Combining probe-type ultrasonicators with vegetable glycerine as solvent presents a powerful approach for extraction. The mechanical effects of ultrasonication enhance mass transfer, improving the efficiency of glycerine in solubilizing target compounds. This combination is particularly effective for extracting bioactive compounds from plant materials, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and essential oils.

Applications for Ultrasonic Botanical Extraction in Glycerine

This extraction technique has promising applications in various fields:

1. Dược phẩm: Isolation of active pharmaceutical ingredients from medicinal plants.
2. Food Industry: Extraction of natural flavors, colors, and antioxidants.
3. Phấn sáp: Production of bioactive compounds for skincare and beauty products.
4. dung môi eutectic sâu Due to its low cost, high availability, non-toxic nature, non-flammability, and non-volatility, glycerol and glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents are ideal for ultrasonic extraction of polyphenols, offering a highly sustainable solution.

Thiết kế, sản xuất và tư vấn – Chất lượng Sản xuất tại Đức

Hielscher ultrasonicators nổi tiếng với chất lượng cao nhất và tiêu chuẩn thiết kế của họ. Mạnh mẽ và hoạt động dễ dàng cho phép tích hợp trơn tru của ultrasonicators của chúng tôi vào các cơ sở công nghiệp. Điều kiện khắc nghiệt và môi trường đòi hỏi dễ dàng được xử lý bởi Hielscher ultrasonicators.

Hielscher Ultrasonics là một công ty được chứng nhận ISO và đặc biệt nhấn mạnh vào ultrasonicators hiệu suất cao có công nghệ tiên tiến và thân thiện với người dùng. Tất nhiên, Hielscher ultrasonicators là CE tuân thủ và đáp ứng các yêu cầu của UL, CSA và RoHs.

Bảng dưới đây cung cấp cho bạn một dấu hiệu về khả năng xử lý gần đúng của ultrasonicators của chúng tôi: