Hielscher Ultrasonics
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Terpene Extraction by Ultrasonics

Ultrasonic terpene extraction has been proven to give high yields of terpene caryophyllene oxide, e.g. from cannabis and hops. Caryophyllene oxide is a terpene found in cannabis, hops, pepper, basil and rosemary. As an active compound, extracted terpene caryophyllene oxide is used as flavoring additive and health supplement.

Use of Extracted Caryophyllene Oxide

Caryophyllene oxide is distinguished by its aromatic smell and taste (i.e. herbs). Due to its intense aromatic smell and taste, it is often used as a flavouring additive in foods as well as a fragrance component. Furthermore, it also has the capability of binding with the endocrine CB2 receptors in the human body, which makes it an interesting pharmaceutical component.

Ultrasonic Terpene Extraction from Hops: Ultrasonic extraction is performed using the Hielscher UP100H isolating caryophyllene and other terpenes from hop cones.

Ultrasonic Terpene Extraction of Hops with UP100H

Video eskizi

Ultrasonic Extraction of Caryophyllene Oxide

Ultrasonic extraction of terpene caryophyllene oxide is an excellent technique to produce high yields, e.g. from nasha and hops. Read more about acoustic cavitation, the active principle of ultrasonic extraction!
As example, β-caryophyllene oxide was ultrasonically extracted with the ultrasonic device UP100H (100W, 30kHz) from dried hops buds.
The GC analysis data shows the extraction yield of β-caryophyllene oxide, extracted with Hielscher’s UP100H from hops.

UP400St with stirrer for the extraction of cannabinoids.

UP400St400W powerful ultrasonic processor for terpene extraction with agitator

Ma'lumot so'rovi







GC analysis of ultrasonic caryophyllene oxide extract from hops buds

Gas chromatography analysis of ultrasonic hops extract: β-caryophyllene oxide, α-caryophyllene, α-pinene, mycrene, limonene, α-caryophylene, and caryophyllene oxide and others.

Besides β-caryophyllene oxide, other terpenes such as α-caryophyllene, α-pinene, mycrene, limonene, and α-caryophylene amongst others were successfully extracted.

How are terpenes extracted from plants using probe-type ultrasonication? A step-by-step instruction!

  1. First, the plant material is ground or chopped into small pieces to increase the surface area for extraction.
  2. The plant material is then mixed with a solvent (such as ethanol or water) to extract the terpenes.
  3. Probe-type ultrasonication is then used in order to support in the extraction process by applying high-intensity, low-frequency ultrasound waves at approx. 20kHz to the slurry. This causes acoustic cavitation and a rapid vibration of the solvent, which promotes the disintegration and disruption of the plant cells and the release the terpenes.
  4. The mixture is then filtered to separate the solid plant material from the liquid containing the extracted terpenes.
  5. The liquid is then evaporated or subjected to further processing to remove the solvent and concentrate the terpenes.
  6. The final product is a terpene-rich extract that can be used in various applications such as dietary supplements, functional foods, and cosmetics.

Protocol of Ultrasonic Terpene Extraction

The hops was ground with a conventional coffee grinder to obtain a more homogeneous particle size of the hops sample.
4.5mg of hops was put into a vial, then adding 5mL of ethanol. The vial was placed into a beaker with ice water for heat dissipation. Then, the sample was sonicated with a UP100H, equipped with sonotrode MS7, at an amplitude setting of 50% for 90sec.

GC analytical data for hops extracts (extracted by sonication)

Gas chromatography analysis of ultrasonic hops extract:

Sonication ensures a high mass transfer between the cell matrix and the solvent, so that consequently a very high yield of high quality extract achieved.

In this video, ultrasonic extraction from hops (humulus lupulus) is demonstrated. With the ultrasonicator UP200Ht caryophyllene and other compounds are extracted.

Ultrasonic Extraction of Hops with UP200Ht with S2614 probe

Video eskizi

Advantages of Ultrasonic Extraction of Terpenes

  • high quality terpene extracts (no thermal degradation)
  • yuqori hosildorlik
  • fast procedure
  • Tez daromadli daromad
  • milder solvents
  • less solvent use
  • Xavfsiz va ishlatish oson
  • past texnik xizmat ko'rsatish
  • green, environmental-friendly terpene extraction

Ultrasonic terpene extraction stands out as a green extraction method, that allows to accelerate the terpene extraction procedure significantly whilst requiring less energy than other conventional extraction methods (i.e. supercritical CO2, Soxhlet etc.). Other advantages linked with the use of ultrasonic extraction of terpenes are easy handling of the ultrasonic extractor, rapid process, no chemical waste, high yield, eco-friendly, enhanced quality due to mild processing conditions and the prevention of thermal degradation.

Ultrasonic Extractors for Terpenes

The table below gives you an indication which ultrasonic device might be the most suitable for your terpene extraction requirements.

To'plam hajmi Oqim darajasi Tavsiya etilgan qurilmalar
10 dan 2000 ml gacha 20 dan 400 ml / min UP200Ht, UP400St
0.1 dan 20 L gacha 0.2 dan 4L/min gacha UIP2000hdT
10 dan 100 l gacha 2 dan 10 l / min UIP4000
na 10 dan 100 l / min UIP16000
na kattaroq ning klasteri UIP16000

Ask Us About the Ultrasonic Extraction of Terpenes

Agar ultratovushli gomogenizatsiya haqida qoʻshimcha maʼlumot soʻrashni istasangiz, quyidagi shakldan foydalaning. Biz sizga talablaringizga javob beradigan ultratovush tizimini taklif qilishdan mamnun bo'lamiz.









Iltimos, bizning Maxfiylik siyosati.




 

Ushbu taqdimotda biz sizni botanika ekstraktlarini ishlab chiqarish bilan tanishtiramiz. Biz yuqori sifatli botanika ekstraktlarini ishlab chiqarishdagi qiyinchiliklarni va sonikator bu qiyinchiliklarni engishda sizga qanday yordam berishi mumkinligini tushuntiramiz. Ushbu taqdimot sizga ultratovushli ekstraktsiya qanday ishlashini ko'rsatadi. Ekstraksiya qilish uchun sonikatordan qanday foyda kutishingiz mumkinligini va ultratovushli ekstraktorni ekstrakti ishlab chiqarishga qanday kiritishingiz mumkinligini bilib olasiz.

Ultrasonik botanika ekstraktsiyasi - botanika birikmalarini olish uchun sonikatorlardan qanday foydalanish kerak

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Hielscher Ultrasonics manufactures high-performance ultrasonicators.

High-power ultrasonic homogenizers from lab to industrial scale.



Adabiyot/Adabiyotlar

Bilishga arziydigan faktlar

Karyofilin

Caryophyllene or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that can be found in many essential oils. The following herbs are known as a good source of caryophyllene: nasha, hemp (Cannabis sativa), black caraway (Carum nigrum), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), hops (Humulus lupulus), basil (Ocimum spp.), oregano (Origanum vulgare), black pepper (Piper nigrum), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinali, and copaiba oil (Copaifera spp.). β-caryophyllene is a phytocannabinoid with strong affinity to cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB 2), but not cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB 1).

Caryophyllene Oxide

Caryophyllene oxide (also β-caryophyllene oxide) is the oxidation derivative of β-caryophyllene and is a white crystalline solid powder with a melting point of approx. 62°C.
It is valued for its anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic, and antioxidative effects. First research suggests that caryophyllene oxid might be a potential drug for cancer treatment, too. Caryophyllene oxide is part of the cyclobutane ring, which is already used in medical research in order to synthesize the widely used chemotherapy drug carboplatin.
Caryophyllene oxide, in which the olefin of caryophyllene has become an epoxide, is an approved component for food flavoring.
Both, β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide exhibit low water-solubility, which impedes their absorption to the cell. To use these sesquiterpenes as medicinal drugs or nutritional supplements, the encapsulation into lipozomalar overcome the poor solubility of these sesquiterpenes in aqueous fluids and ensure bioavailability and bioactivity. Click here to learn more about the ultrasonic encapsulation of bioactive compounds!

Caryophyllene Oxide in Cannabis

In the cannabis sativa plant, caryophyllene oxide is found as a sesquiterpene, which consists of three isoprene units. Caryophyllene oxide is one of the largest and most abundant terpenes in the cannabis plant and is responsible for the distinctive aroma and smell of cannabis. Ultrasonic extraction is successfully applied to produce full spectrum cannabidiol oils, so that the entourage effect of the manifold compounds is given.

Ultrasonic Cavitation for Extraction

When high-power ultrasound waves are introduced into a liquid, compression and expansion (rarefaction) cycles occur in the fluid. During rarefaction voids or so-called cavitation bubbles are generated in a liquid. These cavitation bubbles, which are tiny vacuum bubbles, occur when the negative pressure exerts, so that the local tensile strength of the liquid is overcome. The vacuum bubbles grow over several compression / rarefaction cycles until they cannot absorb more energy and the cavitation bubble undergoes sn implosive collapse. This phenomenon is known as cavitation. According to Prof. Suslick’s research (1990), in cavitation bubbles prevail extreme conditions with temperatures of up to 5000 K, pressures of 1000 atmosphere, heating-cooling rate above 1010 K/s and liquids jets with up to 280m/s velocity, which appear as very high shear force and turbulences in the cavitation zone. The combination of these factors (pressure, heat, shear and turbulence) is used to accelerate mass transfer in the extraction process. Moreover, these locally occurring conditions are also used in ultrasonic processes, such as homogenization, emulsification or dispersing.

Ultrasonic / acoustic cavitation creates highly intense forces that promotes the crystallization and precipitation processes (Click to enlarge!)

Ultrasonic extraction is based on acoustic cavitation and its hydrodynamic shear forces

Ultrasonic Extraction of Terpenes

The principle of ultrasonic extraction is based on two effects, which are produced when high-power ultrasound waves are couples into a liquid or slurry:
Firstly, the solvent (surrounding liquid medium) is pushed into the cell matrix. Depending on the amplitude and strength of cavitation, the cell wall is perforated or disrupted by the liquid pressure.
Secondly, during the rarefaction cycle the content of cell (i.e. intracellular material) is flushed out of the inner cell. After ultrasonic extraction, the targeted compounds are in the solvent and can be separated from the solvent (e.g. by evaporating the solvent) so that finally a pure extract is obtained.
The composition of the raw material (such as moisture content, maceration / milling degree and particle size, and the selected solvent are very important factors in order to obtain an efficient and effective ultrasonic extraction process. The ultrasonic process parameters are essential, too: amplitude, pressure, temperature and sonication time must be established and optimized for best results.

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