Silymarin chiết xuất từ cây kế sữa – Hiệu quả nhất với Ultrasonication

Silymarin is a standardized extract from milk thistle seeds and contains mainly several flavonolignans such as silibin. Silymarin is well-known for various medicinal effects and thereby used in pharmaceuticals and supplements. Ultrasonic extraction has been proven to be the most efficacious technique to isolate flavonolignans from milk thistle. Ultrasonic extractors give high yields of superior quality within a short processing time.

Ultrasonic Extraction of Silymarin from Milk Thistle Seeds

Silymarin is a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds and contains a mixture of flavonolignans present in the seeds of milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner, Asteraceae). The main bioactive compounds in this isomeric mixture of polyphenolic flavonolignans are the polyphenols taxifolin, silychristin, silydianin, silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A and isosilybin B.


 

The Challenge of Silymarin Extraction:

The major amount of silymarin in Silybum marianum seeds is present in the cell walls, which are composed mainly of cellulose forming a rigid matrix. This rigid cell matrix is hard to break. Conventional solvent extraction (e.g. using ethanol, methanol or hexane) cannot break the cell walls completely so that a large amount of silymarin remains entrapped in the cell matrix and is not released into the solvent. This means that large quantities of valuable bioactive compounds are wasted due to inefficient extraction techniques.

The Solution for Efficacious Silymarin Extraction:

Ultrasonic extraction excels other extraction methods especially in high yields, short processing duration and its non-thermal treatment, i.e. low extraction temperature. The working principle of ultrasonication is based on acoustic cavitation. Acoustic a.k.a ultrasonic cavitation creates bubble implosions, intense shear forces, high pressure differentials and liquid jets. These purely mechanical forces disrupt even very rigid cell walls and release entrapped bioactive compounds such as silymarin into the surrounding solvent. Read more about the working principle of ultrasonic cavitation for extraction processes!
The low extraction temperature during ultrasonic extraction prevents the thermal degradation of bioactive compounds, so that their potency is fully maintained.

Protocol for the Extraction of Silybum mariannum

About 500 g of finely powdered seeds were extracted using n-hexane for 15 min. Ultrasonic probe with a tip diameter of 20 mm was employed for direct sonication (the horn tip position inside the extraction vessel was 1 cm under the solvent level). Extraction was carried out using an ultrasonic processor UP400S (400 watts, 24 kHz). Extraction was carried for 15 min at room temperature (temperature was monitored by a thermocouple inside extraction mixture by using an ice cooling bath around the extraction vessel to keep the temperature constant at 25°C ±5°C). After extraction, the extract was centrifuged at 4000rpm.
(cf. Sherif et al., 2017)
Ngoài ra, ethanol nước hoạt động tuyệt vời như dung môi. Các thí nghiệm đã xác nhận rằng 70% ethanol làm dung môi cho sự phục hồi silymarin rất cao.

HPLC chromatograms of Silybum marianum seeds extracted using an probe-type ultrasonicator at different time intervals of 15, 30, and 60min. Compounds detected: taxifolin, silychristin, silydianin, silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A and isosilybin B.
(graphs and study: © Saleh et al., 2015)

Downstream Encapsulation: Preparation of Silymarin Nanogel with Ultrasound

Protocol for the Preparation of Silymarin-Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Gel
Silymarin-nạp nano cấu trúc lipid carrier (NLCs) đã được chuẩn bị bằng cách sử dụng khuếch tán dung môi theo sau là phương pháp siêu âm. Sự khuếch tán dung môi là phương pháp hiệu quả nhất để chuẩn bị các hạt nano vì nó tạo ra kích thước hạt nhỏ với độ đa phân tán thấp trong khi siêu âm làm giảm ứng suất cắt. Lipid Sefsol® 218 (0,5% w / w) và Geleol® (1,4% w / w) đã được nấu chảy và hòa tan trong 2ml ethanol ở 60ºC (pha hữu cơ). Silymarin khoảng 2% w / w hỗn hợp nhị phân lipid đã được hòa tan trong pha hữu cơ. Cremophor® RH40 (2,7% w / w) và muối mật (1,3% w / w) lần lượt là chất hoạt động bề mặt và chất hoạt động bề mặt, được hòa tan trong nước cất 19ml được đun nóng ở 70ºC và pha hữu cơ được thêm vào nó bằng cách khuấy liên tục ở 70ºC để làm bay hơi dung môi hữu cơ. Nhũ tương kết quả được sonicated trong 5 phút bằng cách sử dụng một ultrasonicator loại đầu dò. Để tạo ra một công thức lưu biến chấp nhận được cho ứng dụng tại chỗ, sự phân tán của NLCs silymarin đông khô được tối ưu hóa đã được kết hợp trong gel Carbopol. (xem Iqbal và cộng sự, 2019)

High-Performance Ultrasonic Processors for Silymarin Extraction

Hielscher Ultrasonics extractors are well established in the field of botanical extraction, no matter what plant materials or solvent is used. Extract producers – both, exclusive boutique extract manufacturers as well as large-scale mass producers – find at Hielscher‘s broad equipment range the ideal ultrasonic extraction equipment for their production requirements. Batch as well as continuous inline process setups are readily available and can be shipped off at the same day.

High Efficiency Extraction Equipment

Hielscher Ultrasonic extractors efficiently disrupt vegetable cells, increase the surface area of the plant material for solvent penetration, as well as improved mass transfer, which results in the quick and complete release of phytochemicals (secondary metabolites). Designed with regards to user-friendliness, Hielscher extractors are quickly installed and can be safe and intuitively operated.

Giao thức dữ liệu tự động

In order to fulfil the production standards of food, nutritional supplement and therapeutic products, production processes must be detailed monitored and recorded. Hielscher Ultrasonics digital ultrasonic devices feature automatic data protocolling. Due to this smart feature, all important process parameters such as ultrasonic energy (total and net energy), temperature, pressure and time are automatically stored onto a built-in SD-card as soon as the device is switched on. Process monitoring and data recording are important for continuous process standardization and product quality. By accessing the automatically recorded process data, you can revise previous sonication runs and evaluate the outcome.
Một tính năng thân thiện với người dùng khác là điều khiển từ xa trình duyệt của các hệ thống siêu âm kỹ thuật số của chúng tôi. Thông qua điều khiển trình duyệt từ xa, bạn có thể bắt đầu, dừng, điều chỉnh và giám sát bộ xử lý siêu âm của bạn từ xa từ bất cứ đâu.
Want to learn more about the advantages of ultrasonic extraction? Contact us now to discuss your botanical extract manufacturing process! Our well-experienced staff will be glad to share more information about ultrasonic extraction, our ultrasonic systems and pricing!

Fulfilling Highest Quality Standards – Designed & Manufactured in Germany

The sophisticated hardware and smart software of Hielscher ultrasonicators are designed to guarantee reliable ultrasonic extraction results from your botanical raw material with reproducible outcomes and user-friendly, safe operation. Robustness, reliability, 24/7 operation under full load and simple operation from the worker’s view are further quality factors, which make Hielscher ultrasonicators favourable.
Hielscher Ultrasonics extractors are used worldwide in high-quality phytochemical extraction. Proven to yield high-quality botanical compounds, Hielscher ultrasonic extractors are not only used by smaller crafters of specialty and boutique extracts, but mostly in the industrial production of widely commercial available extracts, nutritional supplements, and therapeutics. Due to their robust hardware and smart software, Hielscher ultrasonic processors can be easily operated and monitored.
Certified Quality: Hielscher Ultrasonics in Teltow, Germany is an owner-managed family business. Hielscher Ultrasonics is ISO certified. Of course, all standard Hielscher ultrasonicators are CE compliant and meet the requirements of UL, CSA and RoHs.

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