Nano o'lchamdagi magniy gidrid samarali vodorod saqlash sifatida

Sonication is applied to magnesium hydride in order to accelerate the hydrolysis of magnesium hydride to enhance hydrogen generation. Additionally, ultrasonically nanostructured magnesium hydride, i.e. MgH2 nanoparticles, show improved hydrogen storage capacity.

Magnesium Hydride for Hydrogen Storage

Magnesium hydride, MgH₂, has drawn widely attention as option for hydrogen storage. Main benefits are its abundant resource, high performance, light weight, low-cost, and safety. In comparison to other hydrides usable for hydrogen storage, MgH₂ has the highest hydrogen storage densities with up to 7.6 wt %. Hydrogen can be stored in Mg in the form of Mg-based metal hydrides. The process of MgH2 synthesis is known as dissociative chemisorption. A common method to produce Mg-based metal hydride from Mg and H2, is the formation at a temperature of 300–400°C and a hydrogen pressure of 2.4–40 MPa. The formation equation goes as following: Mg + H₂ ⇌ MgH₂
The high heat treatment comes with significant degradation effects of the hydrides, such as recrystallization, phase segregation, nanoparticles agglomeration etc. Furthermore, high temperatures and pressures make the formation of MgH2 energy-intensive, complex and thereby expensive.

Ultrasonic Hydrolysis of Magnesium Hydride

Hiroi et al. (2011) demonstrated that sonication of MgH2 nano-particles and nanofibres intensified the hydrolysis reaction MgH2 + 2H2O = Mg(OH)2 + 2H2 + 277 kJ. In this study, the MgH2 nanofibers exhibited the maximum hydrogen storage capacity of 14.4 mass% at room temperature. Additionally, the researchers demonstrated that a combination of sonication and MgH2 hydrolysis is considerably effective for efficiently generating hydrogen without heating and adding any chemical agent. They also found that low frequency ultrasound was the most efficient method in order to obtain a high conversion rate. The hydrolysis rate at low frequency sonication “reached as high as 76% in terms of the reaction degree at 7.2 ks at an ultrasonic frequency of 28 kHz. This value was more than 15 times the value obtained in the case of the non-sonicated sample, indicating an equivalent hydrogen density of 11.6 mass% on the basis of the weight of MgH2.”
The results revealed that ultrasound will enhance the hydrolysis reaction of MgH2 by increasing reaction rate constant due to the generation of radical and exfoliating the passive layer of Mg(OH)2 over the unreacted MgH2 due to the generation of large shear forces. (Hiroi et al. 2011)

Problem: Slow Hydrolysis of Magnesium Hydride

Promotion of magnesium hydride hydrolysis via ball milling, hot water treatment or chemical additives have been investigated, but were not found to enhance the chemical conversion rate in a significant manner. Regarding the addition of chemicals, chemical additives, such as buffering agents, chelators, and ion exchangers, which helped to prevent the formation of a passivating Mg(OH)2 layer, produced impurities in the post-Mg cycling process.

Solution: Ultrasonic Dispersing of Magnesium Hydride

Ultrasonic dispersing and wet-milling is a highly efficient technique to produce nano-sized particles and crystals with a very narrow distribution curve. By dispersing magnesium hydride evenly in nano-size, the active surface area becomes significantly enlarged. Furthermore, sonication removes passivating layers and increases mass transfer for superior chemical conversion rates. Ultrasonic milling, dispersing, deagglomeration and particle surface cleaning excel other milling techniques in efficiency, reliability and simplicity.

Ultrasonic wet-milling and dispersing is a highly efficient method for particle size reduction, e.g. of magnesium hydride

Nanostructured Magnesium Hydride as Improved Hydrogen Storage

Nano-structuring magnesium hydrides has been scientifically proven to be an effective strategy which allows to simultaneously enhance the ab/de-sorption thermodynamic and kinetic properties of MgH2. Nano-sized / nano-structured magnesium-based structures such as MgH2 nanoparticles and nanofibres can be further enhanced by reducing the particle and grain size, thereby decreasing their hydride formation enthalpy ΔH. Calculations revealed reaction barrier for the decomposition of nano-sized MgH2 was remarkably lower than that of bulk MgH2, indicating that nanostructure engineering of MgH2 is thermodynamically and kinetically favourable to the enhanced performance. (cf. Ren et al., 2023)

Comparison of the energy barriers for the hydrogen absorption and desorption of bulk MgH2 and nanostructured ultrafine MgH2.
(study and graph: ©Zhang et al., 2020)

Ultrasonic Nanosizing and Nanostructuring of Magnesium Hydride

Ultrasonic nanostructuring is a highly effective technique that allows to change the thermodynamics of magnesium hydride without affecting the hydrogen capacity. The ultra-fine MgH2 nanoparticles exhibit a significantly improved hydrogen desorption capacity. Nano-sizing magnesium hydride is a way to significantly reduce the hydrogen ab-/de-sorption temperature and increase the rate of re/de-hydrogenation of MgH2, due to the introduction of defects, shortening of hydrogen diffusion paths, increasing of nucleation sites, and destabilization of Mg–H bonding.
A simple sonochemical treatment provides the possibility of low-energy hydrides formation, particularly, in the case of magnesium particles treatment. For instance, Baidukova et al. (2026) demonstrated the possibility to form low-energy hydrides in a porous magnesium-magnesium hydroxide matrix by means of the sonochemical treatment of magnesium particles in aqueous suspensions.

Sonochemically Synthesized Nano-Magnesium Hydride for Efficient Hydrogen Storage

Ultrasonically prepared magnesium hydride nanoparticles achieve ambient-temperature reversibility of 6.7 wt% reversible storage of hydrogen
Using light metal hydrides as carriers for hydrogen storage is a promising approach for safe and efficient storage of hydrogen. One particular metal hydride, magnesium hydride (MgH2), has gained significant interest due to its high hydrogen content and the abundance of magnesium in nature. However, bulk MgH2 has the disadvantage of being stable, only releasing hydrogen at very high temperatures of more than 300°C. This is impractical and inefficient for hydrogen-storage related applications.
Zhang et al. (2020) investigated the possibility of reversible hydrogen storage at ambient temperature by creating ultrafine nanoparticles of MgH2. They used sonication in order to initiate a metathesis process, which is effectively a double decomposition process. Sonication was applied to a slurry consisting in liquid and solids with the purpose to create nanoparticles. These nanoparticles, without any additional scaffold structures, were successfully produced with sizes predominantly around 4-5 nm. For these nanoparticles, the y measured a reversible hydrogen storage capacity of 6.7 wt% at 30°C , a significant achievement that has not been demonstrated before. This was made possible by thermodynamic destabilization and reduced kinetic barriers. The bare nanoparticles also exhibited stable and rapid hydrogen cycling behavior during 50 cycles at 150°C, a notable improvement compared to bulk MgH2. These findings presents sonication as potential treatment leading to higher efficiency of MgH2 for hydrogen storage.
(cf. Zhang et al. 2020)

Particle size distribution ultrafine MgH2 prepared after sonication.
(study and graph: ©Zhang et al., 2020)

High-Performance Ultrasonicators for Magnesium Hydride Treatment

Sonokimyo – the application of power ultrasound to chemical reactions – is a reliable processing technology, which facilitates and accelerates the syntheses, catalytic reactions and other hetergeneous reactions. Hielscher Ultrasonics portfolio covers the full range from compact lab ultrasonicators to industrial sonochemical systems for all kind of chemical applications such as the hydrolysis of magnesium hydride and its nano-milling / nano-structuring. This allow us at Hielscher to offer you the most suitable ultrasonicator for your envisaged MgH2 process. Our long-time experienced staff will assist you from feasibility tests and process optimisation to the installation of your ultrasonic system on final production level.
The small foot-print of our ultrasonic homogenizers as well as their versatility in installation options make them fit even into small-space processing facilities. Ultrasonic processors are installed worldwide in fine chemistry, petro-chemistry, and nano-material production facilities.

ommaviy va inline

Hielscher sonochemical equipmment can be used for batch and continuous flow-through processing. Ultrasonic batch processing is ideal for process testing, optimisation and small to mid-size production level. For a producing large volumes of materials, inline processing might be more advantageous. A continuous inline mixing process requires a sophisticated setup – consisting in a pump, hoses or pipes and tanks -, but it is highly efficient, rapid and requires significantly less labour. Hielscher Ultrasonics has the most suitable sonochemical setup for your sono-synthesis reaction, processing volume and goals.

Ultrasonic Probes and Reactors for MgH2 Hydrolysis at Any Scale

Hielscher Ultrasonics product range covers the full spectrum of ultrasonic processors from compact lab ultrasonicators over bench-top and pilot systems to fully-industrial ultrasonic processors with the capacity to process truckloads per hour. The full product range allows us to offer you the most suitable ultrasonic homogenizer for your process capacity and production targets.
Ultrasonic benchtop systems are ideal for feasibility testing and process optimization. Linear scale-up based on established process parameters makes it very easy to increase the processing capacities from smaller lots to fully commercial production. Up-scaling can be done by either installing a more powerful ultrasonic unit or clustering several ultrasonicators in parallel. With the UIP16000, Hielscher offers the most powerful ultrasonic homogenizer worldwide.

Optimal natijalar uchun aniq boshqariladigan amplitudalar

All Hielscher ultrasonicators are precisely controllable and thereby reliable work horses in production. The amplitude is one of the crucial process parameters that influence the efficiency and effectiveness of sonochemical reactions All Hielscher Ultrasonics processors allow for the precise setting of the amplitude. Sonotrodes and booster horns are accessories that allow to modify the amplitude in an even wider range. Hielscher industrial ultrasonic processors can deliver very high amplitudes and deliver the required ultrasonic intensity for demanding applications. Amplitudes of up to 200µm can be easily continuously run in 24/7 operation.
Precise amplitude settings and the permanent monitoring of the ultrasonic process parameters via smart software give you the possibility to treat your reagants with the most effective ultrasonic conditions. Optimal sonication for an outstanding chemical conversion rate!
The robustness of Hielscher ultrasonic equipment allows for 24/7 operation at heavy duty and in demanding environments. This makes Hielscher’s ultrasonic equipment a reliable work tool that fulfils your chemical process requirements.

Eng yuqori sifat – Germaniyada ishlab chiqilgan va ishlab chiqarilgan

As a family-owned and family-run business, Hielscher prioritizes highest quality standards for its ultrasonic processors. All ultrasonicators are designed, manufactured and thoroughly tested in our headquarter in Teltow near Berlin, Germany. Robustness and reliability of Hielscher ultrasonic equipment make it a work horse in your production. 24/7 operation under full load and in demanding environments is a natural characteristic of Hielscher’s high-performance mixers.
Hielscher Ultrasonics industrial ultrasonic processors can deliver very high amplitudes. Amplitudes of up to 200µm can be easily continuously run in 24/7 operation. For even higher amplitudes, customized ultrasonic sonotrodes are available.

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