The Effects of an Ultrasonic Disperser on Inline Measurements

For the characterization and measurement of primary particles, the particles should be well dispersed as agglomerates falsify the measurement results. Ultrasound is a reliable tool to destroy agglomerates and to create conditions where the primary particles are hold in adequate distance to each other so that they can be detected as individual particles. The following study of Sequip presents the successful combination of Hielscher’s ultratovush qurilmalari with Sequip’s SEQUIP for a reliable particle characterization.

Due to bonding forces between particles, e.g. van der Waals forces, particles tend to agglomeration and aggregation. Thereby, several (primary) particles merge together and form a more complex particle (so-called secondary particles). Agglomeration and aggregation processes influence the measurement significantly due to:

• changes in the particle size distribution (since the agglomerates are measured as one single particle)
• changes in the flow properties
• changes of the normal state of the material

Consequently, the process is influenced by many variables, which interferes with a reliable evaluation.

Particle Measurement

Sequip’s PAT sensors are developed for the direct measurement of particles so that changes in particle size distribution are consistently recorded and safely evaluated. The in-situ PAT measurement equipment allows to gain additional information during the development of new formulations concerning the overall morphology as well as to control product quality during processing.
The measurement can be performed in-situ in the laboratory or inline and in real time during the process providing exact measurement results depending on the product characteristics and the dynamic size range.

Muammo:

Agglomerates falsify the results of particle characterization. For reliable measurements, the process of agglomeration must be prevented. The simplest way would be the addition of a dispersant/ dispersing additive. However, the use of a dispersant changes the original formulation of the product and consequently the results of the measurement would not reflect the real size distribution. For the process control during production, the use of dispersing additives is therefore an inappropriate method.

The diagram below depicts PVC800, a poly vinyl chloride, with a particle size distribution of max. 500-630μm. However, due to agglomeration the measurement results show peaks of 1400μm.

Fig. 1 shows the measurement of PVC 800: PVC 800 shows normally a particle size distribution with peaks at approx. 500-630μm. Here, however, peaks of up to 1400μm are measured due to agglomeration.

Yechim:

A process-independent alternative is the installation of an ultrasonic disperser.
To demonstrate the positive influence of ultrasonic dispersing, the PVC800 suspension was deagglomerated by sonication. A glass beaker with the PVC800 formulation was sonicated with the ultrasonic disperser UP200S whilst the particles were characterized in-situ with Sequip’s PAT sensor.
The ultrasonic homogenizer couples ultrasound waves into the medium generating mechanical vibrations and strong shear forces. The high-power, low-frequency ultrasound disperses the agglomerates effectively. Thereby, only individual particles get in the focus of the sensor so that the true particle size distribution can be measured – as markedly shown in the following diagram:

Fig. 2: The diagram shows clearly that the measurement of PVC 800 particles with ultrasound (green) has a smaller and more regular particle size distribution than the measurement results obtained without ultrasound (red).

Summary

It has been shown that ultrasonication is an adequate and reliable tool for de-agglomeration va particle breakage. Ultrasonic dispersing can be implemented flexibly at any stage of production and ensures a reliable measurement and evaluation of particle size with Sequip’s PAT sensor system.

SEQUIP