Ultrasonication and Izicelo Its ezininginingi in Food Processing

I-Ultrasonication iyindlela eyaziwa futhi enokwethenjelwa uma kuziwa ekukhishwe kwendaba yangaphakathi neselula.
Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalo I-Ultrasonic Lysis & Ukukhipha kanye nezibonelo ze-ultrasonic isizinda se-compound esebenzayo kusuka i-safari futhi ikhofi!

I-yogurt ngumkhiqizo wobisi oluvutshiwe ongakhiqizwa ubisi wedwa noma ngokungezwa ngamasiko amabhaktheriya. Izinkinga ze-Bifidobacteria (isib. BB-12, BB-46, B breve) ziyi-probiotics evamile esetshenziselwa ukuvutshelwa kwe-yogurt. I-cavitation ye-Ultrasonic esetshenziselwa amangqamuzana amabhaktheriya ingabangela ukubhujiswa kwayo kanyekanye, ukukhululwa kwe-β-galactosidase. I-β-galactosidase iyi-enzyme ye-hydrolase esetshenziselwa kakhulu embonini yokucubungula ubisi. Ukuvuthwa kwe-ultrasonically kusiza ngokusheshisa ngenxa ye-lactose hydrolysis esheshayo okubangelwa ukukhululwa kwe-β-galactosidase okusuka kuma-cell bifidobacteria.
I-homogenization ye-ultrasonic ithinta ukuhlukana kwama-fat globules ubisi kanye nokusabalalisa okuhle kakhulu.
I-Ultrasonication ingakwazi ukufakaza izinga lokuvuthisa (ukunciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza esiphezulu kufika ku-40%) nokuthuthukisa izimfanelo zekhwalithi, okuholela ekubeni i-viscosity ephakeme, i-coagulum enamandla nokuthungwa okuphakeme.

Ubisi (isb. Inkomo, ubhontshisi, imbuzi noma ubisi lwamakamela) yi-emulsion noma i-colloidal system ehlanganisa i-butterfat globules ngaphakathi kwamanzi asekelwe emanzini aqukethe ama-carbohydrate, ama-proteine namaminerali ahlakazekile. Njengamafutha namanzi athambekela ekuhlukaneni ngezigaba ezimbili, ubisi kumele luhloliswe ukuze uthole umkhiqizo. I-homogenization kusho ukusatshalaliswa kwamakhemikhali enamafutha oketshezi. I-Ultrasound yindlela eyaziwa kahle esetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ekusetshenzisweni kobisi. Ukwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic ubisi kuphumela kuma-fat globules ama-homogenized, abuye asatshalaliswe ngendlela efanayo. I-homogenization yi-high-power ultrasound iphinde isebenze (okuyi-vegan / yobisi mahhala) okufakelwa ubisi oluvela ezitshalweni ezifana nobisi lwekakhukhunathi noma ubisi lwe-soy.
Ukutadisha kweSfakianakis noTzia (2012) kubonisa ukuthi i-homogenization ye-ultrasonic inciphisa ubukhulu be-fat fat globules (MFG). I-amplitude ephansi (150W) ayinayo i-homogenization effect ephumelelayo (Fig.2); usayizi we-MFG nokusabalalisa kwawo kwakufana nobisi obungasetshenziswanga (qhathanisa umkhiwane 1 no-2). I-Medium amplitude ultrasound (267.5, 375 W) ibe nomthelela omuhle we-homogenization; I-MFG isilinganiso sobubanzi yayingu-2 μm (isif. 3, 4). Ama-amplitude aphezulu (750W) ama-ultrasound anciphisa ubukhulu be-MFG (isithunzi 6), okwenza kube lula ukubonakala emkhathini (optimization 100x); ubukhulu bawo obuphakathi ububanzi buyi-0.3 μm.

Chandrapala et al. (2012) uphenye umphumela we-ultrasonication ku-casein ne-calcium. Basebenzisa amagagasi ama-ultrasonic (20kHz) kuma-sampula obisi olusanda kukhishwa, ubumba kabusha i-micellar casein, ne-casein powder. Banikezela amasampuli kuze kube yilapho ama-globules e-milk fat eyancishiswa abe yi-approx. 10nm. Ukuhlaziywa kobisi obusisiwe kubonisa ukuthi ubukhulu be-casein micelles abuguquki. Ukwenyuka okuncane kwiprotheni e-soluble ne-decrease ehambelanayo ku-viscosity kwenzeka nakweminye imizuzu embalwa yokuqala kwe-sonication. Ucwaningo lwaluzimisele ukuthi i-casein micelles igxile ngesikhathi se-sonication futhi ukuhlushwa kwe-calcium enomswakama akuthinteki ukwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic. [Chandrapala et al. 2012]

I-sonication elawulwayo ivumela ukuqala ukukhiqiza i-crystal (ukudalwa kwe-nuclei) nokuthonya ukukhula kwe-crystal. Ngaphansi kwe-ultrasonic irradiation, encane futhi ngaleyo ndlela amakristalu amaningi akhiwa. I-Ultrasonic isekela inqubo ye-crystallization ngezindlela ezimbili: Okokuqala, i-power ultrasound iyithuluzi eliphumelelayo kakhulu ukudala isisombululo, okuyisisusa sokuqala se-crystallization. Esigabeni sesibili, i-ultrasonic isekela ukwakheka kwenani elikhulu le-nuclei. Nakuba i-nucleation empofu yenza inombolo encane yamakristalu amakhulu, i-nucleation ephumelelayo yenza ama-crystals amancane amancane. Emkhakheni we-acoustic, kungenzeka ukuthi kuqale ukuqala i-nucleation ye-ushukela ngokuvamile evimbela ukukhanya (isib. D-fructose, sorbitol).
Ukuguqulwa kwe-ultrasonic ye-crystallization kuyathandeka ekubunjweni kwama-candies, i-confectionery, isakazeka, i-ayisikhilimu, ukhilimu ohlutshiwe kanye ne-chocolate.

I-hydrogenation yamafutha yemifino yinqubo ebalulekile yezimboni ezinkulu. Ngama-hydrogenation, amafutha yemifino yamanzi aguquguquka ngamafutha aqinile noma aqinile (isib. I-margarine). Ngokomzimba, ama-acids angasetshenzisiwe angaguquguquki ngesikhathi ukudluliselwa kwesigaba kukhishwe ukusabela kwe-hydrogenation kuma-acids abo ahambisana namafutha amaningi ngokufaka ama-athomu ama-hydrogen ema-doublebonds. Le nqubo ye-catalytic ingasheshiswa yi-high-power ultrasonication. I-catalyst evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu i-nickel. Amafutha ase-Hydrogenated asetshenziselwa kakhulu njengama-ejenti wokunciphisa emikhiqizo yebhaka. Inzuzo yamafutha agcweleyo ukuthambekela kwabo okuphansi kokudoba futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingozi encane yokuncintisana.

I-Ultrasound inikeza indlela ephumelelayo, ama-crystals uju ukuze anqande futhi abulale imvubelo, ngaphandle kokuthinta ikhwalithi.
Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi!

Njengendlela yokwenza ukudla okungajwayelekile, i-ultrasound inikeza ukwelashwa okuncane kodwa okuphumelelayo okwandisa ama-flavour, futhi kuqinisa futhi kugcine ama-juice nama-pures. Imiphumela yemithi yokwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic ihlanganisa ukunambitheka okuthuthukisiwe, ukuqiniswa nokulondolozwa.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-ultrasonic yamanzi & smoothies!

I-ultrasound yamandla isekela ukugoba kwewayini nemimoya ngenxa yamandla alo okusebenza kahle futhi kukhulise kakhulu ukudluliselwa kwamanzi phakathi kwezicubu zokhuni nesiphuzo sokuphuza utshwala.
Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngamathuba wezokwelapha ze-ultrasonic!
Inqubo yokuvutshelwa kwewayini, kumele, ubhiya kanye nakho kunganda kakhulu, futhi. Izinga lokusheshisa lika-50% kuya kuma-65% liye lafezwa!
Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokuvutshelwa kwe-ultrasonically kusiza, sicela uchofoze lapha!

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ayisikhilimu, kudingwa i-ayisikhilimu mix. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwe-ayisikhilimu kubandakanya ubisi, ubisi powder, ukhilimu, ibhotela noma amafutha yemifino, ushukela, isomiso esomile, i-emulsifier, i-stabilizer kanye nezithasiselo ezifana nezithelo, amantongomane, ama-flavour kanye nombala. Le ngxube ekhethekile kufanele ihlonishwe futhi ilandelwe, bese iqhutshwa kancane ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqhwala ukuvimbela ukwakha ice cream enkulu. Ngaleyo ndlela, ama-bubbles amancane kakhulu ahlanganiswe (okuthiwa inqubo yokuhlanza) ukuze aqhwale i-ayisikhilimu ekufinyeleleni i-dessert ebandayo ebomvu. Lesi yisinyathelo senqubo, lapho i-ultrasonication ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-ice cream.
Phakathi nenqubo yokuqandisa, ama-crystals akhiwa ngamanzi aphezulu. I-morphology yama-crystals e-ice inendima ebalulekile ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo zomzimba nezingokwenyama zokudla okubandayo nesigamu. Njengokwesayizi nokusabalalisa kwamakhekhedi e-ice kubaluleke kakhulu kwikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yezintambo, ngenxa ye-ayisikhilimu, amakhekhe amancane amaqhwa ayethandwa ngoba amakristalu amakhulu aphumela ekubunjweni okubandayo. I-nucleation iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sokulawula ukusabalalisa usayizi we-crystal ngesikhathi se-crystallization. Ngaleyo ndlela, izinga lokushisa ngokuvamile liyisimingcele esetshenziselwa ukulawula usayizi nokusatshalaliswa kwesayizi kwamakhekhedi e-ayisikhilimu. Ngesikhathi sokubetha nokuqhwaza, umoya ujojowe ukuze uzuze ukuthungwa okubushelelezi kwe-ayisikhilimu. Okubizwa okuthiwa "ukugijimela ngaphezulu," inani le-injected emoyeni, lilinganiselwe - ikakhulukazi iresiphi ethile - ngokulingana nomthamo ohlangene wezinyosi namanzi. Ngakho, ukugijima ngokweqile kuhluka ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ayisikhilimu kanye nemifudlana yokucubungula. I-ayisikhilimu ejwayelekile ibonisa ukuthi i-100% ihamba phambili, okusho ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina unomthamo ofanayo we-ayisikhilimu kanye nama-bubbles emoyeni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaHielscher Amadivayisi aphezulu we-ultrasound inikeza ikhwalithi engcono ye-ayisikhilimu ngokunciphisa usayizi we-crystal ice futhi ugweme ukufakwa kwesibhakabhaka phezulu. Ukuvumelana okungcono nokuzwa komlomo okunomsoco kuncike ngenxa yokunciphisa ubukhulu be-crystal crystal kanye nokusabalalisa kwe-bubble emoyeni. Izikhathi ezifishane eziqhwayo ezibandayo ziholela enkampanini ephakeme yenqubo kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza amandla enamandla.

Imikhiqizo yokudla ephazamisekile njengekhekhe lesiponji ingathuthukiswa kakhulu nge-sonication.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ultrasonics ngesikhathi se-batter mixing esiteji kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yekhekhe lesiponji ngokubhekelana nobunzima obuncane, nokukhishwa kwekhekhe ephakeme, ukuhlangana nokuqina. Ukuze kuvivinywe, zonke izithako zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngokulandela indlela "yonke into," okusho ukuthi amaprotheni aphansi lonke ufulawa, i-emulsifier, isitashi sommbila, ushukela, i-baking powder, usawoti kanye namaqanda amasha aphelele ahlanganisiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze enze i-batter. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, izithako ziye zavuthwa ngokulinganayo ukuze i-ultrasound isetshenziswe kumxube we-batter. Ikhekhe le-ultrasonically eliyi-aerated libonisa ubulukhuni obuphansi, ukuhlonipha okuphansi nokuhlaziya okuphansi, kuyilapho i-cake springiness, ukuhlanganisana nokuqina kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho kwekhekhe lokulawula.

I-Sonication iyaziwa kakhulu ngamandla ayo okususwa. Kusukela kubhontshisi we-cocoa, ibhotela le-cocoa ingakhululwa emangqamuzaneni yi-ultrasonic milling kanye ne-extraction.
I-Ultrasound yindlela ehlukile yokuphula ama-crystals ushukela nge-chocolate futhi inikeza ngaleyo ndlela imiphumela efana nokuhlanganisa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamagagasi amakhulu e-ultrasonic ukuze kuphekwe imiphumela ekutheni i-tenderization isakhiwe kakhulu. I-tenderization ebalulekile izuzwa ngokukhululwa kwamaprotheni e-myofibrillar avela kumangqamuzana omzimba. Ngaphandle kwe-tenderization effect, i-ultrasound ithuthukisa amandla okubopha amanzi kanye nokuhlangana kwenyama, futhi.

Abacubungula bokudla be-ultrasonic bathole indlela yabo eya ekhishini elimnandi, futhi. Ama-ultrasonicators ama-Hielscher asetshenziselwa umphambili we-premium njengompheki wezinkanyezi ezimbili ze-Michelin-Sang-Hoon Degeimbre.
Chofoza lapha, uma unesithakazelo iresiphi ye-ultrasonic yakhe imfucumfucu stock!

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Chandrapala, Jayani et al. (2011): Imiphumela ye-ultrasound ngezici ezishisayo nezingokwakhiwa kwamaprotheni ekugxilweni kwe-protein ye-whey. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 18/5, 2011. 951-957.

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I-Feng, i-Hao; I-Barbosa-Cánovas, i-Gustavo V .; Weiss, Jochen (2010): I-Ultrasound Technologies Yokudla nokuthuthukiswa kwe-Bioprocessing. I-New York: Springer, 2010.

I-Huang, i-BX; I-Zhou, i-WB (2009): Ukuvuthwa kwe-yogurt okusizwa nge-Ultrasound nge-Probiotics. I-NUROP Congress, eSingapore, ngo-2009.

I-Keshava Prakash, MN; Ramana, KVR (2003): i-Ultrasound kanye nesicelo sayo ku-Industry Industry. J. Food Sci Technol. 40/6, 2003. 563-570.

I-Mortazavi, A .; I-Tabatabaie, F. (2008): Ukutadisha Inqubo Yokuqandisa I-Ice Cream ngemuva kokuPhatha nge-Ultrasound. I-World Applied Science Journal 4, 2008. 188-190.

Petzold, G. noAguilera, JM (2009): Ice Morphology: Izidingo kanye Nezobuchwepheshe Izicelo ku Ukudla. Ukudla kwe-Biophysics Vol.4, No. 4, 378-396.

Sfakianakis, iPanagiotis; U-Tzia, uConstantina (2011): I-yogurt evela ebisini ephathwe nge-ultrasound: ukuqapha inqubo yokuvutshelwa nokuhlolwa kwezimfanelo zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. ICEF 2011.