Ultrasonically Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization (UAODS)

I-Oxidative Desulfurization (ODS)
Desulfurization oxidative ne-hydrogen peroxide kanye nesikhukhula esilandelayo esilandelayo yi-teknoloji ejulile ye-desulfurization technology ukunciphisa inani le-organosulfur e-oil oil. Ama-reactors ama-Hielscher ultrasonic asetshenziswa kuzo zombili izigaba ukuthuthukisa isigaba-ukudlulisa ukusabela kinetics kanye nokuqedwa kwamazinga ku-liquid-phase phase systems.
Esikhathini sesigaba sokuqala se-ultrasonically esisize desulfurization ye-oxidative, i-hydrogen peroxide isetshenziselwa njenge-oxidant ukukhetha ukhiqiza ama-molecule e-sulphuri aqukethe emafutheni amafutha e-sulfoxides noma ama-sulfones ngaphansi kwezimo ezibucayi ukwenzela ukwandisa ukuxazululwa kwawo kwamakhemikhali e-polar nokwanda emaphoyiseni abo. Ngalesi sigaba, ukungabi khona kwesigaba se-polar aqueous kanye nesigaba se-organic nonpolar kuyinkinga ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-oxidative deulfurization njengoba zombili izigaba zisabela komunye nomunye kuphela phakathi kwe-interphase. Ngaphandle kwe-ultrasonics, lokhu kubangela izinga lokuphendula eliphansi kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane kwe-organosulfur kulesi sigaba sesigaba ezimbili.
Ukuhlunga ukufaka izinto kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe imishini yezimboni ezinkulu, kufanelana nomthamo ophezulu wokucubungula 24/7. Thola i-Hielscher!
Ultrasonic Emulsification
Isigaba samafutha kanye nesigaba se-aqueous sixutshwe siphakanyiswa sibe se-mixer static ukuze sikhiqize isimiso esisisekelo se-volumetric isilinganiso esiphezulu esinikezwa isitebhisi se-ultrasonic mixing. Kulapho, i-cavitation ye-ultrasonic ikhiqiza ukukhipha isisindo se-hydraulic ephakeme futhi iphula isigaba se-aqueous ibe yi-sub-micron kanye ne-nanosize amaconsi. Njengoba indawo ecacile yomngcele wesigaba inethonya eliphakeme lezinga lamakhemikhali lokubhekana nalokhu ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo kokuphakama kwe-droplet kuthuthukisa ama-reaction kinetics futhi kuncishisa noma kuqeda isidingo samagciwane okudlulisa isigaba. Ukusebenzisa i-ultrasonics, iphesenti yevolumu ye-peroxide inganciphisa, ngoba ama-emulsions amahle adinga ivolumu elingaphansi ukunikeza indawo efanayo yokuxhumana nesigaba samafutha.
I-Ultrasonically Assisted Oxidation
I-cavitation ye-ultrasonic ikhiqiza ukufudumala okukhulu kwendawo (~ 5000K), ukucindezelwa okuphezulu (~ 1000atm), izinga lokushisa okukhulu kanye namazinga okupholisa (>109 K / sec), nemifudlana ye-jet yegazi (~ 1000 km / h). Le ndawo enomthelela kakhulu ixidizes thiophenes esigabeni samafutha ngokushesha futhi ngaphezulu ngokuphelele polar sulfoxide futhi sulfones. I-catalyst ingaqhubeka nokusekela inqubo ye-oxidation kodwa ayibalulekile. Ama-catalyst ama-amphiphilic catalysts noma ama-catalysts wokudlulisa isigaba (PTC), njenge-quaternary ammonium usawoti onamandla awo okungafani okuqothula kokubili okune-aqueous and organic liquids aye aboniswa ukuba afakwe ne-oxidant futhi ayithuthele kusukela kwesigaba esibonakalayo kuya kwesigaba sokuphendula, ngaleyo ndlela ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphendula. I-reagent ye-Fenton inganezelwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-oxidative deulfurization ngamafutha ediziyeli futhi ibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kwe-synergetic ngokucubungula okuyi-sono-oxidation.
I-Mass-Transfer ethuthukisiwe
Lapho izingxube ze-organosulfur zisabela emngceleni wesigaba, i-sulfoxide ne-sulfones iqoqa endaweni encane ye-drople block futhi ivimbele ezinye izinhlanganisela zesulfure ekusebenzisaneni nesigaba se-aqueous. I-shear ye-hydraulic eyabangelwa imifudlana ye-javitational kanye nokusakaza kwe-acoustical kubangelwa ukugeleza okuphazamisayo nokuthutha okubonakalayo kusuka ezindaweni eziya phezulu kuya ezigodini futhi kuholela ekuhlaleni okuphindaphindiwe nokubunjwa okulandelayo kwamaconsi. Njengoba i-oxidation iqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-sonication ikhulisa ukuvezwa nokuxhumana kwama-reagents.
Isigaba sokudlulisa isigaba se-Sulfones
Ngemuva kwe-oxidation nokuhlukaniswa kusuka esigabeni esinqunyiwe (H2O2), i-sulfones ingasuswa ngokusebenzisa i-solvent ye-polar, njenge-acetonitrile esigabeni sesibili. I-sulfones izodlulisela emngceleni wesigaba phakathi kokubili izigaba kuze kube nesigaba se-solvent se-polarity ephakeme. Ngokufana nesiteji sokuqala, izigameko ze-Hielscher ultrasonic zivuselela isisindo se-liquide-liquid ngokwenza i-emulsion enhle kakhulu yesisindo se-solvent esigabeni samafutha. Lokhu kwandisa ukuxhumana kokuqala kwesigaba kanye nemiphumela yesikhumba nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvent.
Ukusuka kuLinga Lokuhlola ku-Pilot Scale nokukhiqiza
I-Hielscher Ultrasonics inikeza imishini yokuhlola, ukuqinisekisa nokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe nganoma yisiphi isilinganiso. Ngokuyinhloko kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezingu-4, kuphela.
- Hlanganisa amafutha ngeH2O2 futhi ukhulume ukuze ukhiphe izakhi ze-sulfur
- I-Centrifuge yokuhlukanisa isigaba se-aqueous
- Hlanganisa i-oyile isigaba nge-solvent bese u-sonicate ukukhipha ama-sulfones
- I-Centrifuge yokuhlukanisa isigaba se-solvent ne-sulfones
Ezingeni lesibalo, ungasebenzisa i-UP200Ht ukukhombisa umqondo futhi ulungise imingcele eyisisekelo, efana nokuhlushwa kwe-peroxide, ukushisa kwenqubo, isikhathi se-sonication nokuqina kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-catalyst noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvent.
Ezingeni eliphezulu le-bench a I-UIP1000hd, ivumela ukulinganisa kokubili izigaba ngokuzimela ngokwezinga lokugeleza kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-1000L / hr (25 kuya ku-250 gal / hr) nokwandisa inqubo kanye nemingcele ye-sonication. Imishini ye-Hielscher ultrasonic iklanyelwe ukulingana okulinganiselwe kuya ekukhuleni okukhudlwana kokuqhutshwa komshini wokulinganisa noma wokukhiqiza. Ukufakelwa kwe-Hielscher kuboniswe ukusebenza ngokuthembeka ngezinqubo eziphezulu zevolumu, kufaka phakathi ukuhlanzwa kwe-fuel. I-Hielscher ikhiqiza izinhlelo eziqukathiwe, zihlanganisa amaningana wamandla ethu aphezulu angu-10kW noma ama-16kW kumaqoqo ukuze kube lula ukuhlanganiswa. Imiklamo yokuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezinobungozi zemvelo iyatholakala, futhi. Ithebula elingezansi libala uhlu lokucubungula nezinsizakusebenza zokuphakanyiswa.
Iqoqwana Ivolumu | flow Rate | Amadivayisi ezinconyiwe |
---|---|---|
5 ukuze 200ml | 50 ukuze 500ml / iminithi | UP200Ht, UP400S |
0.1 ukuze 2l | 0.25 ukuze 2m3/ ihora | I-UIP1000hd, I-UIP2000hd |
0.4 ukuze 10L | 1 kuya 8M3/ ihora | UIP4000 |
na | 4 kuya 30m3/ ihora | UIP16000 |
na | 30m ngenhla3/ ihora | yinhlanganisela I-UIP10000 noma UIP16000 |
- I-Acid Esterification
- I-Alkaline Transesterification
- Ama-Aquafuels (Amanzi / Amafutha)
- Ukuhlanza kwe-Oil Sensor Cleaning
- Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokugaya
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Ultrasonication
I-UAODS inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HDS. I-Thiophenes, i-benzo- kanye ne-dibenzothiophenes engenisiwe i-oxidized ngaphansi kokushisa okuphansi nokucindezela. Ngakho-ke, akudingeki ukuthi i-hydrogen ebizayo yenze le nqubo ifaneleke kakhulu ekuhlungeni okusayizi amancane naphakathi, noma izinto zokungcebeleka ezikude ezingekho eduze kwepayipi le-hydrogen. Ukwanda kwezinga lokuphendula kanye nokushisa okushisa okuphendulayo nokucindezela kugweme ukuqashwa kwamakhemikhali anhydrous noma aprotic abizayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweyunithi ye-oxidative deulfurization (UAODS) esebenzisa i-ultrasonically ehambisana ne-unit of hydrotreating unit ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ekukhiqizeni i-diesel ephansi ne / noma ephansi ye-sulfur. Lolu buchwepheshe lungasetshenziswa ngaphambi noma emva kokususwa kwamanzi okujwayelekile ukunciphisa izinga lesulfure.
Inqubo ye-UAODS inganciphisa izindleko zezindleko zemali engaphezu kwesigamu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zomshuwalense omusha ophezulu wokucindezela.
Izinkinga ze-Hydrodesulfurization (i-HDS)
Ngenkathi i-hydrodesulfurization (i-HDS) inqubo ephumelelayo kakhulu yokukhipha ama-thiols, ama-sulfide, nama-disulfide, kunzima ukususa ama-sulfur-aqukethe ama-sulfur anama-refractory afana ne-dibenzothiophene kanye neziqhamo zawo (isib. 4,6-dimethydibenzothiophene 4,6-DMDBT) kuya ezingeni le-ultra-low. Ukushisa okuphakeme, ukucindezela okukhulu, nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen ephezulu kuqhuba izindleko zezindleko ze-HDS ngenxa ye-désulfurization ejulile. Izindleko ezinkulu nezindleko zokusebenza azikwazi ukugwema. Amazinga okugcina ama-sulfur angabhubhisa izinsimbi ezinamandla ezisebenzayo ekusetshenzisweni kabusha nasekuguquleni inqubo noma izakhi zokufakelwa kwe-electrode ezisetshenziselwa ukubeka isitoreji se-fuel cell.