I-InnoREX - I-Extrusion e-PLA yokuthuthukisa i-Ultrasonically

I-polylactide acids noma i-polylactide (PLA) i-polyester ye-aliphatic thermoplastic, eyenziwe ngokwenziwa kwe-lactid acid nama-lactide monomers. I-Lactide iyi-diester yama-cyclic, etholakala esitokisini esitshalisiwe (isib. Isitashi samabele, umoba) futhi isetshenziselwa ukufaka isitshalo esisekelwe ngamaplastiki. Ngaleyo ndlela, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PLA kufanelana ngokuphelele ebangeni lobuhlaza obumnyama. I-PLA ithole isithakazelo esisheshayo ngokushesha ngoba ishicilelo esiyi-bio-based, e-biodegradable kuma-plastiki asekelwe ngamafutha ajwayelekile.
Amaqiniso ku-PLA: PLA (C₃H₄O₂) unabantu abangu-1210-1430 kg / m³, engenawo amanzi, kunzima kune-PTFE futhi iyancibilika emazingeni okushisa phakathi kuka-150degC no-220degC.

I-InnoREX – Inqubo yokwenza i-Polymerization Innovative

Inqubo yokukhiqiza yamanje ye-PLA idinga izakhi zokufakelwa zensimbi ukuthuthukisa isilinganiso se-polymerization yama-lactone, ayingozi empilweni nasemvelweni. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwe-catalyst kanye nesidingo esikhulayo se-polymers ye-biobased, iphrojekthi ye-InnoREX igxile ekwakhiweni kwenqubo yokupholisa, lapho insimbi evamile enezici eziqhamukayo ishintshwe yi-catalyst ephilayo futhi isizwa yimithombo yamandla ephezulu yamandla aphakeme i-ultrasound, i-microwave ne-laser.
Izidakamizwa ze-Organic ziye zaboniswa ukulawula ngokuphumelelayo i-polymerization ye-lactide, kodwa umsebenzi wabo kufanele usathuthukiswe ukuze uhlangabezane nezindinganiso zezimboni. Lokhu kuzofezwa ngokusungulwa kwamandla ahlukile ultrasonics, i-microwaves kanye ne-laser light njengoba bekhulisa umsebenzi wokwenza umsebenzi futhi banike amandla ukulawula okuqondile kokuphendula ngokuthandeka izingxenye ezincane zenkinga yokusabela ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuphendula.
Ngakho-ke iphrojekthi ihlanganisa uhlelo lwe-reactor system, lapho kunezinye izinto ezivela emithonjeni yamandla ezitholakala ngaphakathi, nge-catalyst ephilayo yokuthola i-PLA engenazinsimbi endaweni yokusebenza e-extrusion. (bheka isithombe 1)
Ngakho-ke, iphrojekthi ye-InnoREX isebenzisa isikhathi sokuphendula ngokushesha sama-microwaves, i-ultrasound kanye ne-laser light ukuze kutholakale ukupholisa okuqhubekayo okulawulwa kahle futhi okusebenza kahle kwe-molecular weight PLA esitokisini se-screw extruder. Ukwengeza, ukugcinwa kwamandla amakhulu kuzofinyelelwa ngokuhlanganisa ukupholisa, ukuhlanganiswa nokubunjwa kwesinyathelo esisodwa sokukhiqiza.

I-High Power Ultrasonics

Imithombo emithathu eminye yamandla - i-ultrasound, i-microwave kanye ne-irradiation laser - ihlangene ukuze ivuse polymerization yokuvula indandatho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-polymerization ephakeme yamathambo ephakeme. Ngesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuhlala ekamelweni lokugubha, imithombo yamandla eminye iveza ukushayela okudingekayo ukushayela umthelela kumakhalekhukhwini ogelezayo (bheka isithombe 2) ezingeni elibhekiswe kakhulu. Ngaleyo ndlela, izakhi ezinamathelisi ezinsimbi ezifana ne-tin (II) 2-ethylhexanoate, esezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuxhumeka ezidingekayo ukuphakamisa izinga le-polymerization lama-lactone endaweni ephumelelayo eyamukelekayo, ingagwenywa.
Ngokuba uhlelo lwe-InnoREX lokushayela umshayeli, iphrosesa ephezulu ye-ultrasonic I-UIP1000hd, okukwazi ukunikeza i-1kW yamandla we-ultrasound, ihlanganisiwe. Amandla amakhulu e-ultrasound ayaziwa kahle ngemiphumela emihle ekusebenzeni kwamakhemikhali, okuyiyona into eyenziwa yi-sonochemistry. Lapho amagagasi amakhulu aphezulu e-ultrasonic efakwe phakathi kwe-liquid medium, amagagasi adala ukucindezela okuphezulu (ukucindezela) kanye nokucindezela okuphansi (ukungafani okungavamile) okuholela ku-ultrasound cavitation. I-cavitation ichaza "ukwakheka, ukukhula kanye nokuwohloka okungaxhunyiwe kwama-bubble kuketshezi. Ukuwa kwe-Cavitational kukhiqiza ukufudumala okukhulu kwendawo (~ 5000K), izingcindezi eziphakeme (~ 1000 atm), kanye namazinga wokushisa nokupholisa okukhulu (>I-109 K / sec) ”njengokusakazwa kwe-keysoli ngama-kets liquid ka ~ 400 km / h. (KS Suslick 1998)
Ama-ultrasounded generated cavitational amabutho anike amandla kinetic, ahlakaze izinhlayiya futhi adale ama-radicals asekela ukuphendula kwe-chemical polymerization.
Imiphumela emihle yokunakekelwa kwe-sonication ngesikhathi sokuphendula nge-polymerization yilezi:

• ukuqaliswa kwe-polymerization ngenxa yokwakha ama-radicals (polymerization kinetics)
• ukusheshisa izinga le-polymerization
• ukunciphisa ama-poly-dispersities, kodwa isisindo esiphezulu se-molecular of the polymers
• ukusabela okungafani kokunye futhi ngakho-ke ukusabalalisa okuphansi kwamaketanga

Izincwadi / Izinkomba

• KS Suslick (1998): I-Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia ye-Chemical Technology; Umhlaka 4 J. Wiley & Amadodana: New York, 1998, vol. 26, 517-541.