Isizukulwane se-Emulsions ngu-Ultrasonic Cavitation

Imikhiqizo eminingi ephakathi kanye nabathengi, njengezimonyo nezilonda zesikhumba, amafutha okugaya imithi, ama-varnishes, amapende kanye namafutha kanye namafutha asekelwe ngokuphelele noma ingxenye ye-emulsions. I-Hielscher ikhiqiza izinqubo zamanzi zamanzi ezimboni ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuphumelelayo imifudlana emikhulu yemithombo yezitshalo zokukhiqiza.

Kulebhu, amandla e-emulsification we-ultrasound awaziwa futhi asetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Le vidiyo ngezansi ikhombisa ukukhipha amafutha (okuphuzi) emanzini (obomvu) ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ye-UP400S lab lab.

Izinhlelo eziqukethe eziningana Amaprosesa ase-ultrasonic angama-watts angu-16,000 ngayinye, unike amandla okudingekayo ukuhumusha lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwelebhu ngendlela ephumelelayo yokukhiqiza ukuze uthole ukuthuthwa kwe-emulsions ehlelekile ekugezeni okuqhubekayo noma ku-batch – ukufezekisa imiphumela efana ne-homogenizers ephakeme kakhulu ephezulu yanamuhla, efana ne-valve entsha ye-orifice. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kusebenza okuphezulu emulsification eqhubekayo, amadivaysi e-Hielscher ultrasonic adinga ukugcinwa okuphansi kakhulu futhi kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nokuhlanza. I-ultrasound iqinisile isekela ukuhlanza nokuhlanza. Amandla we-ultrasonic ayaguquguquka futhi angashintshwa kumikhiqizo ethile kanye nezidingo ze-emulsification. Izigameko ezikhethekile ze-flow cell (cell-reactors) zihlangana ne-CIP ethuthukile (ihlanzekile-indawo) kanye nezidingo ze-SIP (inzalo-in-place) nazo ziyatholakala.

Emulsions kukhona ukuhlakazeka kwezinhlobo ezimbili noma ezingaphezulu zokungcola okungaziwa. I-ultrasound enamandla kakhulu inikeza amandla adingekayo ukusabalalisa isigaba samanzi (isigaba esasakazekile) ngamaconsi amancane esigabeni sesibili (isigaba esiqhubekayo). Endaweni yokuhlakazeka, ukufaka ama-bubble cavitation kubangele ukushaqeka okukhulu kwamanzi okuzungezile futhi kubangele ukubunjwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile e-liquid velocity.

Ukuze kuqiniswe ama-droplets asanda kuhlanganiswa kwesigaba sokuhlakazeka ngokumelene ne-coalescence, ama-emulsifiers (izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, ama-surfactants) kanye nokuqiniswa okungeziwe ku-emulsion. Njengoba u-coalescence wamaconsi ngemuva kokuphazanyiswa kuthinta ukusatshalaliswa kokusatshalaliswa kokusakaza kwe-droplet, kusetshenziselwa ukusimama kokugcina kwe-droplet esezingeni elilingana nokusatshalaliswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphazanyiswa kwe-droplet endaweni ye-dispersing ultrasonic. Ukuqiniswa kwamandla kagesi kuholela ekuphazanyeni kwe-droplet ekuthuthukiseni amandla.

Ukuhlolwa kwamafutha emanzini (isigaba samanzi) namanzi emafutheni (amafutha esigabeni) ama-emulsions abonise ukuhlangana phakathi kwesisindo samandla nosayizi we-droplet (isib. Ububanzi be-Sauter). Kukhona ukuthambekela okucacile kwesayizi encane ye-droplet ekwandeni kwamandla kagesi (chofoza ku-graphic graphic). Emazingeni afanelekayo wezinga lamandla, i-ultrasound ingakwazi ukufeza ubukhulu obukhulu be-droplet ngaphansi kwe-micron 1 (microemulsion).

I-Hielscher inikeza ububanzi obubanzi bamadivayisi we-ultrasonic kanye nezesekeli zokusebenza kahle kwe-emulsification nokuhlakazeka kweziphuzo.

• Laboratory Ultrasonic Amadivayisi afika ku Ama-watts angu-400 amandla avumela ukulungiswa okulula kwama-emulsions kuma-tubes wokuhlola, Izitsha ze-Eppendorf, beakers noma flow flow cells. Lawa madivaysi asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela isampula noma izifundo zokuqala zokusebenza futhi atholakalayo ukuqashwa.
• 500 futhi 1,000 futhi 2,000 Watts Processors ultrasonic like the I-UIP1000hdT isethwe ngokugeleza kweseli futhi izimpondo ezihlukahlukene ze-booster kanye ne-sonotrodes zingasusa imifudlana emikhulu yevolumu. Amadivaysi afana nalokhu asetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwemingcele (njenge: amplitude, umshini wokusebenza, izinga lokugeleza njll) ebhentshini eliphezulu noma umshayeli wesitshalo.
• industrial processors ultrasonic of 2, 4, 10 futhi 16kW kanye namaqoqo enkulu amayunithi eziningana ezinjalo kungaba ukucubungula ukukhiqizwa umthamo ukusakaza cishe kunoma iyiphi ezingeni.

Izincwadi

Behrend, O., Schubert, H. (2000): Ithonya le-viscosity yesigaba eqhubekayo emulsification nge-ultrasound, ku: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 7 (2000) 77-85.

Behrend, O., Schubert, H. (2001): Umthelela wokucindezela kwe-hydrostatic kanye nokuqukethwe kwegesi kwi-emulsification eqhubekayo ye-ultrasound, ku: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 8 (2001) 271-276.

Hielscher, T. (2005): Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Ultrasonic ye-Nano-Size Dispersions kanye ne-Emulsions, ku: Proceedings of European Nanosystems Conference ENS’05.

I-Landfester, K. (2001): I Generation of Nanoparticles in Miniemulsions; Ku: Izinto eziphambili ze-2001, 13, No-10, Meyi17th. I-Wiley-VCH.